We consider the nonautonomous modified Swift-Hohenberg equation $$u_t+\Delta^2u+2\Delta u+au+b|\nabla u|^2+u^3=g(t,x)$$ on a bounded smooth domain $\Omega\subset\R^n$ with $n\leqslant 3$. We show that, if $|b|<4$ and the external force $g$ satisfies some appropriate assumption, then the associated process has a unique pullback attractor in the Sobolev space $H_0^2(\Omega)$. Based on this existence, we further prove the existence of a family of invariant Borel probability measures and a statistical solution for this equation.

A single ventricle (SV) heart defect is a rare complex congenital cardiac malformation. We followed up the four adult patients who had SV since birth without surgical intervention and they had a good prognosis.The common ultrasound characteristics of four long-term SV survivors were investigated by reviewing their medical records and the literature, and the current treatment methods for SV patients were also reviewed. In our opinion,such patients with balanced hemodynamic condition should be followed and treated conservatively. This report aims to improve the prognosis as well as quality of life of SV patients.

Objective: To analyze the serum markers for the early diagnosis of intestinal anastomotic leak (AL) after the gyne-oncological operations. Methods: Between September 2017 and March 2021, patients with an intestinal anastomosis performed during the gyne-oncological surgeries were identified from a tertiary center in Turkey. As the local guideline of the clinic, all these patients were followed by measuring serum samples including procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) on postoperative day (POD) 1 through the day of discharge or the day of re-operation for AL. Results: 12.5% (5/40) of the patients suffered an AL and 4 of them were re-operated. The mean albumin values on POD 3-4 and the mean platelet values on POD 1 were lower in the AL group (p<0.05). Although it was not statistically significant (p>0.05), median PCT values (ng/mL) on POD 8-10 were higher in the AL group compared with no leak group. The best cutt-off point for PCT on POD 9 was determined to be 0.11 ng/mL (AUC: 0.917, Sensitivity = %100.0, specifity = %66.7, positive predictive value = %66.7, negative predictive value = %100.0). Conclusion: Serum PCT and CRP concentrations were not found to be helpfull for the early diagnosis of AL in patients operated for gyne-oncological malignancies. Low levels of albumin and platelets in the first days after the operation may be clue for a possible AL.

Background: To explore the clinical significance of baseline volumetric body composition parameters evaluated with computerized tomography (CT) and their changes after 3-4 months from treatment initiation of targeted therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Method: This study included 108 Caucasian mRCC patients (Male/Female: 77/31) treated with targeted therapy. Volumetric body composition parameters including total adipose tissue index (TATI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), visceral adipose tissue index (VATI) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) values were depicted from CT images at third lumbar vertebra level through volumetric measurement software. Kaplan-Meier method and the long test were used for estimation of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to determine the associations between clinic-pathologic variables including VBC and survival outcomes. Results: The median PFS and OS of all patients were 11 months and 46 months in patients respectively. After adjustment for the variables including international mRCC database consortium (IMDC) risk score, only a high skeletal muscle index (SMI) was associated with better PFS (HR: 0.975, P=0.015). The independent predictors for OS were VATI (HR 1.005, P=0.024), SATI (HR: 0.976, P=0.019) and TATI (HR: 0.982, P=0.035) in addition to IMDC risk score. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that while SMI was the only significant determinant parameter for PFS among VBC parameters, TATI, VATI, and SATI were determined as independent predictors for OS in addition to IMDC risk score.

Aim Sacroiliac joint dysfunction is an especially common cause of pain during pregnancy. Treatment options during pregnancy are very limited in order to reduce pain and increase the quality of life. We aimed to determine the efficacy of kinesiotaping (KT) in the treatment of sacroiliac joint pain in pregnant women. Methods A total of 50 pregnant women with sacroiliac joint pain were included in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups as KT and sham KT groups. Women in the KT group underwent a total of five weeks of KT once per week; the sham KT group also underwent five weeks of KT applications, but without tension in the kinesiotape. Patients were assessed before and five weeks after the treatment with a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) for disability and quality of life. Results The KT and sham KT groups were similar in terms of age, parity, gravidas, gestational week, and body mass index. At the beginning of the study, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in their VAS, RMDQ, or PGQ scores. Five weeks later, the KT group showed significant improvement in all parameters, but no significant differences were observed for the sham KT group in terms of VAS, RMDQ, or PGQ. Conclusions KT treatment improved the pain levels, functioning, and quality of life among pregnant women with sacroiliac joint pain. Keywords Sacroiliac joint pain; Pregnancy; Kinesiotaping

Objective: De Quervain tenosynovitis is the most common cause of lateral wrist pain. The diagnosis can be made with the Finkelstein test when pain is provoked with wrist ulnar deviation. Conservative treatment including rest, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication and physical therapy is applied first, then there may be a need for corticosteroid injections, and in resistant cases, surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neural therapy (NT) on pain and hand functions in patients with De Quervain tenosynovitis. Methods: A total of 36 patients admitted between May 2019 and March 2020 were randomly assigned to neural therapy (NT) and control groups. Hand rest and thumb spica splint were applied to all the patients, and NT interventions to the NT group only. A visual analog scale (VAS) and the Duruöz Hand index (DHI) were used to measure pain and functionality at baseline, then at 1 and 12 months after the end of the treatment. Results: The NT and control groups both showed improvements in VAS and DHI scores at 1 and 12 months compared to baseline. The VAS scores were significantly lower at both 1 and 12 months compared to baseline in the NT group. The DHI scores were lower in the NT group at 1 month, and at 12 months there was no significant difference between the two groups. No adverse effects were seen in any patient. Conclusion: NT seems to be effective in reducing pain and improving hand functions in patients with De Quervain tenosynovitis.

Background: Obesity is a global issue. Energy density (ED) can influence on body compositions (BCs). Consumption of HED (high energy density) foods can increase body fat mass (BFM) and inflammatory markers. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research among 391 women. Body composition analyzer (BIA) and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess BCs and food intake of individuals. Blood samples and serum level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1 (PAI-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-beta) were collected. ED per one gram of foods were calculated and divided to quartiles. Linear logistic regression tests were used to investigate the association between BCs across quartiles of ED intake. Results: Results demonstrate skeletal muscle mass (SMM), total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), fat free mass (FFM), visceral fat area (VFA) and fat free mass index (FFMI) was seem to be under the effect of hs-CRP among ED intakes. TBW, extracellular water (ECW), FFM with PAI-1, bone mineral content (BMC) with PAI-1 and TGF-beta, and Skeletal lean mass (SLM) with hs-CRP were inversely associated. Fat right arm (FRA), fat right arm (FLA), fat right and left leg (FRL,FLL), fat trunk, TBW, ICW, ECW, BFM, FFM, SMM, SLM, waist circumference (WC), FFMI and FMI were positively under the influence of TGF-beta after following higher ED food intakes. FRA, FLA, FRL, FLL, fat trunk, ICW, BFM, SMM, SLM, WC, FFMI and FMI were positively under the influence of PAI-1. Conclusion: All adipose tissue content of subcategories of BC were strongly associated with ED intake in the mediatory role of PAI-1 and TGF-beta.

Understanding and predicting how species will response to future climate change is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Here, we conducted an assessment of future climate change impacts on the distribution of D. involucrate in China, using the most recent global circulation models developed in the sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC6). We assessed the potential range shifts in this species by using an ensemble of species distribution models (SDMs). The ensemble SDMs exhibited high predictive ability and suggested that the temperature annual range, annual mean temperature, and precipitation of the driest month are the most influential predictors in shaping distribution patterns of this species. The projections of the ensemble SDMs also suggested that D. involucrate is very vulnerable to future climate change, with at least one-third of its suitable range expected to be lost in all future climate change scenarios and will shift to the northward of high-latitude regions. These findings suggest that it is of great urgent and significance to adaptive management strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on D. involucrate.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate histopathologic alterations in the lung, heart, liver, and spleen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) decedents through postmortem core needle biopsies. Materials and Methods: Patients who died of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-proven COVID-19 were included in this postmortem case series. Postmortem percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsies using 14- and 16-gauge needles were performed in the lungs, heart, liver, and spleen. Biopsy samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined under a light microscope. Clinicodemographic characteristics, chest computed tomography (CT) images, and COVID-19-related treatments of the patients were also collected. Results: Seven patients were included in this study. Liver and heart tissue samples were available from all patients, and lung and spleen tissues were available from five and three patients, respectively. Chest CT images predominantly revealed bibasilar ground-glass opacities. Lung biopsies showed diffuse alveolar damage in all biopsy specimens. Heart findings were nonspecific and largely compatible with the underlying disease. Patchy necrosis, steatosis, and mononuclear cellular infiltration were the main findings in the liver biopsies. Splenic histopathological examination showed that splenic necrosis and neutrophil infiltration were the common findings in all patients. Conclusion: Tissue acquisition was complete for the heart and liver and acceptable for lungs. The amount of tissue was sufficient for a proper histopathologic examination. The histopathological findings were generally in accordance with previous autopsy studies. The lung radiological findings were also correlated with the histopathologic findings. We consider that a postmortem biopsy is a feasible alternative for histopathological examinations in COVID-19 decedents.

At present, no research work has been done on the immediate cognitive reappraisal mechanisms that allow emotion regulation during an intra-operative emergency. This letter discusses the importance of cognitive re-appraisal mechanisms in the regulation of fear during Neurosurgical emergencies.

Background: Injury represents 260,000 hospitalisations and $27 billion in healthcare costs each year in Canada. Evidence suggests that there is significant variation in the prevalence of hospital admissions among ED presentations between countries and providers but we lack data specific to injury admissions. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of potentially low-value injury admissions following injury in a Canadian provincial trauma system, identify diagnostic groups contributing most to low-value admissions and assess inter-hospital variation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study based on all injury admissions in the Québec trauma system (2013-2018). Using literature and expert consultation, we developed criteria to identify potentially low-value injury admissions. We used a multilevel logistic regression model to evaluate inter-hospital variation in the prevalence of low-value injury admissions with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We stratified our analyses by age (1-15; 16-64; 65-74; 75+ years). Results: The prevalence of low-value injury admissions was 16% (n=19,163) among all patients, 26% (2136) in children, 11% (4695) in young adults and 19% (12,345) in older adults. Diagnostic groups contributing most to low-value admissions were mild traumatic brain injury in children (48% of low-value pediatric injury admissions; n=922), superficial injuries (14%, n=660) or minor spinal injuries (14%, n=634) in adults aged 16-64, and superficial injuries in adults aged 65+ (22%, n=2771). We observed strong inter-hospital variation in the prevalence of low-value injury admissions (ICC=37%). Conclusion: One out of six hospital admissions following injury may be of low-value. Children with mild traumatic brain injury and adults with superficial injuries could be good targets for future research efforts seeking to reduce health care services overuse. Inter-hospital variation indicates there may be an opportunity to reduce low-value injury admissions with appropriate interventions targeting modifications in care processes.

Interpreting Complex Atrial Tachycardia Maps Using Global Atrial VectorsEditorial on: The Utility of a Novel Mapping Algorithm Utilizing Vectors and Global Pattern of Propagation for Scar-Related Atrial TachycardiasMiguel Rodrigo, PhD1-2Sanjiv M. Narayan MD, PhD11Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA2Electronic Engineering Department, Universitat de Valencia, Spain1500 words excluding title and references12 or less references1-3 tables/figures

The regulation of protein synthesis plays a key role in growth and development in all organisms. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are commonly found in eukaryotic mRNA transcripts and typically inhibit translation of downstream ORFs, in part by stalling ribosomes. Conserved peptide uORFs (CPuORFs) are a rare subset of uORFs, some of which conditionally regulate translation. Here we identify three Arabidopsis CPuORFs that specifically regulate translation of any downstream ORF, in response to the agriculturally significant environmental signals, heat shock and water limitation. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that CPuORF translation causes ribosome stalling, in a peptide sequence-dependent manner, attenuating translation of downstream ORFs. We propose a model in which plant CPuORFs are not simply on/off switches for translation, but rather act conditionally, along a continuum, to fine-tune translation dynamically.

The ulnar nerve compressed in the cubital tunnel is called Cubital tunnel syndrome in the clinic.we also found that there are cysts compress the ulnar nerve in cubital tunnel through preoperative ultrasonograhy. This case report is the description of heterotopic cysts that compress the ulnar nerve in our clinical practice.

While many phenylpropanoid pathway-derived molecules act as physical and chemical barriers to pests and pathogens, comparatively little is known about their role in regulating plant immunity. To explore this research field, we transiently perturbed the phenylpropanoid pathway through application of the CINNAMIC ACID-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) inhibitor piperonylic acid (PA). Using bioassays involving diverse pests and pathogens, we show that transient C4H inhibition triggers systemic, broad-spectrum resistance in higher plant without affecting growth. PA treatment enhances tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) resistance in field and laboratory conditions, thereby illustrating the potential of phenylpropanoid pathway perturbation in crop protection. At the molecular level, transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal that transient C4H inhibition in tomato reprograms phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism, systemically induces immune signaling and pathogenesis-related genes, and locally affects reactive oxygen species metabolism. Furthermore, C4H inhibition primes cell wall modification and phenolic compound accumulation in response to root-knot nematode infection. Although PA treatment induces local accumulation of the phytohormone salicylic acid, the PA resistance phenotype is preserved in tomato plants expressing the salicylic acid-degrading NahG construct. Together, our results demonstrate that transient phenylpropanoid pathway perturbation is a conserved inducer of plant resistance and thus highlight the crucial regulatory role of this pathway in plant immunity.

Introduction: Single-shot ablation has emerged as an effective technique for index atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, with an advantage of short procedure time. Although recent guidelines recommend peri-procedural uninterrupted oral anticoagulants (OACs), the intra-procedural anticoagulation strategy remains uncertain under non-vitamin K OACs (NOACs). We investigated procedural safety of a single bolus administration of heparin without activated clotting time (ACT) measurement during cryoballoon ablation (CBA). Methods: Two hundred patients (64.2±10.0years, 70% with non-paroxysmal AF) who underwent CBA with uninterrupted NOACs were randomly assigned to No-ACT group and ACT group. A bolus of heparin (100 U/kg) was routinely administered immediately after transseptal puncture. In the ACT group, an additional injection of heparin (30 U/kg) was administered if ACT at 30-min after the initial bolus was <300 s. Results: There were no differences in baseline characteristics including CHA2DS2-VASc score between two groups. The left atrium indwelling and procedure times were 60.4±13.1 min and 78.9±13.9 min, respectively and not significantly different between two groups. The mean ACT was 335.2±59.9 s in the ACT group. Any bleeding rate was 3.2% in all patients and there was no statistically difference in bleeding complications between two groups. In the ACT group, groin hematoma, laryngopharyngeal bleeding, and hemoptysis occurred in 3, 1, and 1 patient, respectively. Cardiac tamponade occurred in 1 patient in the No-ACT group. No thromboembolic events occurred during the 30-day follow-up after CBA. Conclusion: Single bolus administration of heparin without ACT measurement is a feasible anticoagulation strategy for CBA in patients with uninterrupted NOACs intake.

Introduction. Few data exist about effectiveness of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (CA) in athletes and feasibility of resuming vigorous exercise afterwards. Aims of our study were to analyze the efficacy and safety of AF CA in athletes, to compare AF CA outcomes in athletes vs Non-Athletes (NA) and to evaluate the feasibility of resuming vigorous exercise. We additionally analyze the outcome of patients that underwent concomitant cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) CA. Methods and results. From January 2015 to October 2019, 38 athletes were retrospectively matched with 38 NA that underwent first time AF CA. After a median follow-up of 787 days, 62.5% of athletes were free from recurrences after one CA procedure and mostly without antiarrhythmic drugs (87%). Seven athletes underwent a redo procedure and all of them were then free of recurrences with an overall freedom from recurrences of 84%. No major complications were observed. After the first year of follow-up, athletes had a 48% reduced risk of recurrences than NA [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) on antiarrhythmic drugs, LA volume and AF subtype, HR 0.52]. Athletes that underwent also CTI ablation showed a positive trend in terms of freedom from recurrences (50% vs 21%). Most (72%) of the athletes resumed vigorous exercise after at least 3 months from the CA. Conclusion. AF CA is a safe and efficient therapeutic option in athletes and it should be considered instead of drugs to early resume competitive sport activity. Concomitant CTI ablation may have a favorable role.

Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains a leading cause of morbidity and sudden death. Improvements in catheter ablation have significantly advanced this option as a treatment method for refractory VT. Despite advances, use and impact of inotrope and vasodepressor medicines as part of intraprodcedural management during VT ablation have been understudied. Methods: We conducted a exploratory, retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing VT ablation. Patient, intra and peri-procedural data, focusing on pressor use and hemodynamics through ablation, and procedural endpoint data were collected. Results: From 2014-2017, 149 patients underwent VT ablation of which 67% exhibited cardiomyopathy (53% ischemic). Most procedures (71%) were conducted under general anesthesia. In those with cardiomyopathy, steady-state use of dobutamine and dopamine was more common though substantial use of phenylephrine was noted. In adjusted analyses, (1) dobutamine was associated with increased procedure time (402.5±18.8 vs 347.2±14.0 min, p = 0.03), (2) dopamine was associated with increased number of distinct VTs (2.8 vs. 2.2, p<0.001) while both dopamine and dobutamined resulted in increased intra-procedural cardioversions (1.3 vs. 0.6, p<0.001 and 1.34 vs. 0.66, p=0.001, respectively) and (3) dobutamine dose exhibited a linear correlation with post-ablation length of stay. Conclusions: In this exploratory work, we sought to understand effects of hemodynamic drug use on short-term, procedural outcomes of VT ablation. Salient findings include: (1) arrhythmogenic nature of inotropes resulting in an increase in intraprocedural cardioversions, (2) greater propensity for induction of non-clinical VTs with use of intraprocedural dopamine and (3) substantial use of phenylephrine in those with underlying cardiomyopathy.

Natural host populations differ in their susceptibility to infection by parasites, and these intra-population differences are still an incompletely understood component of host-parasite dynamics. In this study, we used controlled infection experiments with wild-caught guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and their ectoparasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli to investigate the roles of local adaptation and host genetic composition (immunogenetic and neutral) in explaining differences in susceptibility to infection. We found differences between our four study host populations that were consistent between two parasite source populations, with no indication of local adaptation by either host or parasite at two tested spatial scales. Greater host population genetic variability metrics broadly aligned with lower population mean infection intensity, with the best alignments associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) ‘supertypes’. Controlling for intra-population differences and potential inbreeding variance, we found a significant negative relationship between individual-level functional MHC variability and infection: fish carrying more MHC supertypes experienced infections of lower severity, with limited evidence for supertype-specific effects. We conclude that population-level differences in host infection susceptibility likely reflect variation in parasite selective pressure and/or host evolutionary potential, underpinned by functional immunogenetic variation.

Background During the last years, the concept of frailty has become increasingly familiar in many surgical specialties, including cardiac surgery. One of the main characteristics of frailty is its potentially reversible nature. With the aim of reducing the incidence of complications after surgery, efforts are being made to preoperatively decrease the level of frailty, however, the effect that the surgery itself may have in the postoperative frailty status is still unknown. Methods A prospective cohort of 137 patients aged 70 or more undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass were recruited at three university-affiliated hospitals in Spain. Frailty status was assessed preoperatively and six months after surgery using two different validated frailty measurements: The Fried frailty scale and the Clinical Frailty Scale. We analyzed the changes in these frailty scores and the transitions between frailty status after surgery. Results Prevalence of frailty was 27.5% with the Fried Frailty Scale and 11% with the Clinical Frailty Scale. Even though frail patients presented a higher incidence of postoperative major complications than their robust counterparts, up to 50% of frail patients improved their frailty status after surgery. The distribution of frailty groups at baseline and six months after surgery changed significantly, decreasing the overall burden of frailty after surgery. Besides, robust patients showed a slightly worsening of their previous frailty scores. Conclusions Frailty is a multifactorial and dynamic condition that can be significantly reduced after cardiac surgery, suggesting that cardiac pathology is an important contributor to the preoperative patient’s frailty status.

The problem of solving equations for a class of coupled wave equations with initial-boundary conditions is discussed by using the results for the problem with initial value in this paper. A coupled wave equations which defined in semi-infinite interval and finite interval are studied respectively, the d'Alembert type traveling wave solutions with finite closed form of the corresponding problems are obtained and the examples are given. This research generalize the corresponding results for single wave equation and .avoid the traditional Fourior series solution.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) aneurysms are uncommon. It is only 54 cases reported in English medical literature. Venous aneurysms are associated with long standing systemic venous hypertension, trauma, inflammatory processes or congenital malformation. Herein we report a case of spontaneous aneurysm of IVC which was not associated with any of the above mentioned predisposing factors.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to analyze early and late outcomes of TVS and identify predictors of poor prognosis . Methods: Single centre retrospective study with 108 patients who underwent TVS between 2007 and 2016. Most of the patients were female (74.1%), mean age of 65 years; 61,1% were in New York Heart Association class III/IV, with a EuroSCORE II of 7.5%. Univariable and Multivariable analyses were developed to identify predictors of perioperative mortality and morbidity and long-term mortality. Results: In-hospital mortality was 12%. Creatinine clearance was an independent predictor of decreased perioperative mortality. This group had 28.7% rate of major perioperative complications. Systolic pulmonary pressure and obesity were predictors of early morbidity. The 10-year mortality was 29.6%. The survival at 1, 5 and 10 years was 80%, 76% and 45%, respectively. Diabetes Mellitus was a risk factor for long-term mortality and creatinine clearance was a predictor of long-term survival. Need for re-operation was identified in 3.5% of the patients. Conclusions: Patients undergoing TVS have high surgical risk making TVS an operation associated with high mortality and morbidity. This research identifies Diabetes Mellitus, renal function, pulmonary hypertension and obesity as the future challenges in TVS.

Background: Rising NT-proBNP are associated with reduced survival patients with HFrEF. However, it remains to be conclusively and formally demonstrated that the temporal trend in NT-proBNP level carries prognostic significance in HFpEF. Objective: To determine whether there is an association between rising NT-proBNP levels and 6-month survival in patients with HFpEF and HFrEF. Methods: We examined a cohort of 5203 patients to 5 hospitals in a regional health care system — who had at least one admission to the hospital with diagnoses of heart failure over a 3-year period. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed for patients with downtrending (>25% net decrease), stable or uptrending (>25% net increase) NT-proBNP levels in HF, HFpEF and HFrEF patients. The log-rank test was used to test for differences in 6-month survival amongst the groups. Multivariate extended Cox regression models were constructed for 6-month survival with NT-proBNP as a time-varying covariate. Age, albumin, sex, race, serum creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and Charlson comorbidity scores at baseline were used as covariates in the model. Separate analyses were done for HFpEF and HFrEF patients. Results: HFpEF and HFrEF patients with up-trending levels had significantly lower 6-month survival rates than patients with downtrending or stable NT-proBNP levels. A doubling of the NT-proBNP level in patients was significantly associated with reduced 6-month survival in patients with in both subgroups of HF, HFpEF and HFrEF (HFpEF-HR: 1.53(1.49-2.57), HFrEF HR: 1.45(1.43-1.48) after adjusting for covariates.