Introduction: Cancers in children under the age of 17 have specific epidemiological and management aspects. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological and histological profile of childhood cancers in Lubumbashi. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the University Clinics of Lubumbashi over a lap of two-year. The data collection was done using a form with a number of parameters. Results: We noted a prevalence of (3.27%) childhood cancer in Lubumbashi and the percentage had increased in 2018 (53.5%) comparing to the previous years. The average time between the onset of the disease and the first consultation was 33.5-7.1 weeks and only (71%) cases had consulted a general practitioner at first sign of the disease. From the histological point of view retinoblastoma led the way with 29.2%, followed by Nephroblastoma (23.3%), lymphomas of all forms (13.2%). Other types of cancers were repeated, representing 28.3%. Conclusion: This pathology is a reality that is experienced in large numbers in our environment diagnosis and early treatment remain essential to the reduction of the mortality rate

This paper presents a binomial series of the multiple summations of a geometric series. This will be useful for the researchers who are involving to solve the scientific problems.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a potential anti-cancer strategy owing to its negligible invasiveness, low toxicity and high selectivity. Photosensitizer (PS) plays an indispensable role in PDT. Herein, a new kind of PS (Ce6-MB@Lips) was designed and synthesized. The two kinds of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved organic dyes Methylene blue (MB) and Chlorin e6 (Ce6) were encapsulated by liposomes via the film dispersion method to form Ce6-MB@Lips. The Ce6-MB@Lips showed a spherical nanostructure with an average particle size of 188.4 nm, and excellent water solubility. Then the optical properties of Ce6-MB@Lips were further studied. Ce6-MB@Lips showed absorption peaks at 413 nm/670 nm, and fluorescence peak at 678 nm. Compared with free Ce6 and MB, Ce6-MB@Lips showed better stability and stronger fluorescence intensity. Cell experimental analysis exhibited well cell uptaking ability and low cytoxicity of Ce6-MB@Lips. Especially, compared with free Ce6 and MB, Ce6-MB@Lips has better stability, biocompatibility and phototoxicity. Moreover, Ce6-MB@Lips could generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro than free Ce6 and free MB, so as to induce the HeLa cells apoptosis. The Ce6-MB@Lips could be a promising candidate for PDT of cervical cancer.

Geographically connected species pairs with weakly differentiated genomes could either represent cases of genomic homogenization in progress or of incipient parapatric speciation. Discriminating between these processes is difficult because intermediate stages of either may produce weakly differentiated genomes that diverge at few locations. We used coalescent modelling applied to a genome-wide sample of SNPs to discriminate between speciation with gene flow and genomic homogenization in two phenotypically distinct but genomically weakly diverged species of elevationally replacing Ramphocelus tanagers, forming a hybrid zone in the Andean foothills. We found overwhelming support for a model of genomic homogenization following secondary contact. Simulating under this model suggested that our species pair was differentiated (FST = 0.30) at secondary contact but that most of the genome has rapidly homogenized during 254 Ky of high gene flow towards the present (FST = 0.02). Despite extensive genome-wide homogenization, plumage remains distinctive with a narrower than expected geographic cline width, indicating divergent selection on colour. We found two SNPs significantly associated with plumage colour, which retain moderately high FST. We conclude that the majority of the genome has fused, but that divergent selection on select loci probably maintains the geographically structured colour differences between these incipient species.

Peatland microtopography contains hummocks (local high points) and hollows (local low points). Little is known about how the evapotranspiration (ET) of peat (P), peat-bryophyte (BP), peat-litter (LP) and peat-bryophyte-litter (LBP) columns varies with peatland microforms. That is, whether there are fine-scale variations in peatland evaporation, and if they are critical when being upscaled to the entire peatland ecosystem is yet to be answered. This study found that ET was significantly affected by cover type (P, BP, LP or LBP) and the interaction effect of the cover type and microform, based on the field evaporation experiments in a montane peatland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, during the growing season of 2021. Mean daily ET of P-Hummock and P-Hollow is 14.16 and 11.76 g d -1, respectively; BP-Hommock and BP-Hollow is 9.57 and 14.38 g d -1, respectively; LBP-Hummock and LBP-Hollow is 9.44 and 9.91 g d -1, respectively; and evaporation of LP-Hummock and LP-Hollow is 5.68 and 7.64 g d -1, respectively. Peatland microform indirectly affected ET through interactions with cover type, modifying the vertical profile of soil temperature, and changing key environmental drivers of evaporation. Moreover, the ability of two widely used models in modelling the spatial variation of peatland evaporation were also tested. It was found that Penman-Monteith (P-M) model and the bryophyte layer model in the Atmosphere-Plant Exchange Simulator (APES) were able to yield satisfactory results based on field measurements of soil temperature and soil moisture. This study supports developing more practical evaluation tools on the hydrological state of peatland ecosystems.

Domain of Unknown Function 740 (DUF740) is a gene family that has not been functionally elucidated in rice, until now. We investigated the function of rice DUF740 gene family member, LOC_Os04g59420 ( OsSRDP- O ryza s ativa Stress Responsive DUF740 Protein) which showed upregulation in response to drought stress in the available global expression data. Transgenic plants of OsSRDP gene, driven by a stress-inducible promoter AtRd29A, were developed in the background of a drought stress sensitive rice cv. Pusa Sugandh 2 (PS2) and their transgene integration and copy number were confirmed by molecular analysis. Homozygous transformants showed better resilience than PS2 when subjected to drought, salinity and cold stresses but not heat stress. Transgenic plants maintained higher RWC, photosynthetic pigments and proline accumulation under drought and salinity stresses. Further, they exhibited less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than PS2 under drought stress as seen from the transcript abundance studies of the ROS genes. Under cold stress, OsSRDP transgenic lines illustrated minimal cell membrane injury than PS2. Additionally, the transgenic plants showed resistance to virulent strain of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Altogether, our findings established that stress-inducible expression of OsSRDP can significantly enhance tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses and a biotic stress.

In this case, we present a 47-year-old male who was found to have S. intermedius abscesses in his lungs, liver, and brain. The treatment of choice for these abscesses is a combination of drainage, surgery, and antibiotic therapy

Narrow calcific aortic roots with low coronary heights present challenges for a successful trans-catheter aortic valve replacement. We describe a case where pre-emptive coronary protection and chimney stent-in-stent procedure was successfully performed during a cardiac arrest secondary to coronary occlusion and restricted TAVI valve deployment in such an anatomy.

We present a case series of 5 patients who were found to have COVID-19 encephalitis. There is still no disease defining test for diagnosis so the mainstay of diagnosis is the exclusion of all common causes of encephalitis. Brain MRI and CSF analysis perform an ancillary in the diagnostic tools.

As a vital element of climate change, elevated temperature resulted from global warming presents new challenges to natural and agricultural sustainability such as ecological disease management. Mitochondria regulate energy production of cells in responding to environmental fluctuation but studying their contribution to the thermal adaptation of species is limited. This knowledge is needed to predict future disease epidemiology for ecology conservation and food security. Spatial distributions of mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in 405 Phytophthora infestans isolates originating from 15 locations were characterized. mtDNA contribution to thermal adaptation was evaluated by comparative analysis of mtDNA frequency and intrinsic growth rate, relative population differentiation in nuclear and mtDNA and associations of mtDNA distribution in with local geography climate conditions. Significant variation in frequency, intrinsic growth rate and spatial distribution was detected in mtDNA. Population differentiation in mtDNA was significantly higher than that in nuclear genome, and spatial distribution of mtDNA was strongly associated with local climatic conditions and geographic parameters particularly air temperature, suggesting natural selection caused by local temperature is the main driver of the adaptation. Dominant mtDNA grew faster than the less frequent mtDNA. Our results provide useful insight into the evolution of pathogens under global warming. Given its important role in biological functions and adaptation to local air temperature, mtDNA intervention has become an increasing necessity in future disease management. To secure ecological integrity and food production under global warming, synergistic study in the interactive effect of changing temperature on various components of biological and ecological functions of mitochondria in an evolutionary frame is urgently needed.

The estimation of demographic parameters is a key component of evolutionary demography and conservation biology. Capture-mark-recapture methods have served as a fundamental tool for estimating demographic parameters. The accurate estimation of demographic parameters in capture-mark-recapture studies depends on accurate modeling of the observation process. Classic capture-mark-recapture models typically model the observation process as a Bernoulli or categorical trial with some detection probability conditional on a marked individual’s availability for detection (e.g., alive, or alive and present in a study area). Alternatives to this approach are underused, but may have great utility in capture-recapture studies. In this paper we explore a simple concept: in the same way that counts contain more information about abundance than simple detection/non-detection data, the number of encounters of individuals during observation occasions contain more information about the observation process than detection/non-detection data for individuals during the same occasion. Rather than using Bernoulli or categorical distributions to estimate detection probability, we demonstrate the application of zero-inflated Poisson and gamma-Poisson distributions. This allows for inference on availability for encounter (i.e., temporary emigration), as well as a wide variety of parameterizations for heterogeneity in the observation process. We demonstrate that this approach can accurately recover demographic and observation parameters in the presence of individual heterogeneity in detection probability, and discuss some potential future extensions of this method.

We admitted a 38 years old female patient with necrotizing fasciitis of breast. A series of debridement was performed from admission, as well as the use of VAC® therapy . Once the surgical bed of the wound was adequate and with negative culture, a partial skin graft was performed.

A 33-year-old African man with HIV/AIDS presented with an acute abdomen associated with rectal bleeding. Colonic decompression, appendicectomy and post operative antiviral therapy for a diagnosed CMV colitis/ megacolon and appendicitis complicating AIDS was effective and avoided the morbidity and high mortality from an emergency subtotal colectomy and ileostomy.

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system. Its incidence rate ranks first among that of female malignant tumors in China and has steadily increased in recent years [Juanjuan Jin et al., 2021].

The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is one of the global invasive species and has caused huge damage to aquaculture, biodiversity and ecology in the world. Antennal-expressed receptors are important for P. clarkii to detect olfactory cues for mate attraction, et al.. However, few olfactory and chemosensory-related genes were reported in P. clarkii until now. In the present study, we used RNA sequencing to investigate the olfactory and chemosensory-related genes of the antenna of P. clarkii during the non-mating and mating period. A total of 59218 unigenes with an average length of 1056.41 bp, and 4889 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) with 2128 up-regulated and 2761 down-regulated unigenes were obtained. Of which, 13 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated DEGs were identified to associated with olfaction and chemical reception, including 4 IRs or iGluRs, 8 G-protein coupled receptor, 5 transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels), 1 sodium-calcium exchanger, 1 olfactory receptor, 1 isomerase and 2 chemosensory proteins (CSPs). CSPs were preliminarily classified into pheromone receptors in male red swamp crayfish. The results of quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that the expression trends of 8 selected unigenes were consistent, and this result also validated the RNA-Seq data. Our results provide more comprehensive data of olfactory and chemical communication mechanism after crayfish entering the mating period.

Oral lichen planus is a common manifestation in patients with lichen planus (LP). It can affect all regions of the oral mucosa. However, lip involvement is rarely described, especially in patients with actinic LP. We report a case of actinic LP associated with a pigmentation of the lower lip.

We describe a case in which a 41-year-old pregnant female with pycnodysostosis presented for elective cesarean section at week 37 + 5 of pregnancy. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first reported case of pycnodysostosis during pregnancy in Oman.

1. Non-native ungulate grazing has negatively impacted native species across the globe, leading to massive loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite their pervasiveness, interactions between grazers and native species are not fully understood. We often observe declines in demography or survival of these native species, but lack understanding about the mechanisms underlying these declines. Physiological stress represents one mechanism of (mal)adaptation but data are sparse. 2. We investigated glucocorticoid levels in a native avian herbivore exposed to different intensities of non-native grazing in the cold desert Great Basin ecosystem, USA. We measured corticosterone, a glucocorticoid in birds, in feathers for a large sample (n = 280) of female Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) from three study areas in Northern Nevada and Southern Oregon with different grazing regimes of livestock and feral horses. 3. We found greater feral horse density was associated with higher corticosterone levels, and this effect was exacerbated by drought conditions. Livestock grazing produced similar results; however there was more model uncertainty about the livestock effect. Subsequent nesting success was lower with increased feather corticosterone, but corticosterone levels were not predictive of other vital rates. 4. Our results indicate a physiological response by sage-grouse to grazing pressure from non-native grazers. We found substantial among-individual variation in the strength of the response. These adverse effects were intensified during unfavorable weather events, highlighting the need to reevaluate management strategies in the face of climate change.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease and may be associated with many autoimmune conditions. hypoparathyroidism as an initial presentation of SLE is still a rare condition. In this study, we reported a young woman who presented the sign and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism.

Cholecystogastric fistula is one of the rarest and most life-threatening complications of gallbladder stone disease. This disease can mimic other diseases such as perforated peptic ulcers and is too hard to be diagnosed preoperatively. It should be considered a significant differential diagnosis in patients with abdominal pain and cholecystitis symptoms.

This paper is devoted to the study of the existence of periodic solutions for a class of semilinear wave equations with variable coefficients. The forced vibrations of a nonhomogeneous string and propagation of seismic waves in nonisotropic media is governed by this mathematical model. When the frequency is a sufficient large irrational number with bounded partial quotients, the existence of weak solutions is established. Then, under some suitable conditions, we improve the regularity of weak solutions. Our results can also be applied to the corresponding constant coefficients wave equation.

TITLE: Letter to the Editor: The choice of palliative arterial switch operation as an alternative for selected cases in a single center: Experience and midterm resultsARTICLE TYPE: letter to the editorCORRESPONDENCE: 1 . Arun KumarContact: +92 331 3856579 Email: Arunchawla@rocketmail.comInstitute: Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, SukkurAddress: Flat No 108 Columbus Tower Teen Talwar Karachi

Cardiac tumors are rare, which were found in only 0.001%–0.300% of cases in a relatively recently reported autopsy series. Among cardiac tumors, primary hemangioma accounted for approximately 2.8% of all primary resected tumors, indicating that this is a particularly rare benign neoplasm. We presented a patient with a 5×3×2 cm cavernous hemangioma arising from the right atrial roof, occupying the atrial septum and inseparable from the aortic root. We successfully performed complete surgical tumor resection and reconstruction of the right atrium and atrial septum using a bovine pericardial patch for a huge cavernous cardiac hemangioma filling the cardiac atrium.

Objective Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in very‐low‐birth‐weight infants. The aim of the study is to report our single-center short-term results of preterm patients who underwent patent ductus arteriosus ligation through left anterior mini-thoracotomy . Methods Data of 27 preterm infants operated by the same surgeon who underwent PDA closure with left anterior minithoracotomy technique between November 2020 and January 2022 at a single instution were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to their weight at the time of surgery. Data on early postoperative outcomes and survival rates after discharge were collected. Results Twenty-seven patients with a mean (±SD) gestational age of 25.8 (±2.0) weeks and a mean birth weight of 1027 (±423) g were operated using left anterior mini-thoracotomy technique. The lowest body weight was 480 g. Complications such as bleeding, abnormal healing of incision or pneumothorax were not seen. There were 8 mortalities after the operation (29,6 %). There was no internal thoracic artery injury or no need for conversion to thoracotomy or sternotomy. there were 6 (22%) deaths in the postoperative first 30 days and 4 (14,8%) deaths between the postoperative first month and first year. The cause of the deaths were sepsis, NEC, hydrops fetalis, hepatoblastoma and intracranial bleeding. Left diaphragmatic elevation developed in 1 patient, and plication was performed. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of morbidity, and complication between the groups. Conclusions PDA closure with the left anterior mini-thoracotomy method is advantageous in terms of reducing damage to the already congested lung, shortening the hypothermia time of the baby by shortening the procedure time, and has good cosmetic results, especially in very low birth weight preterm babies.