The role of recovery after drought has been proposed to play a more prominent role during the whole drought-adaption process than previously thought. Two maize hybrids with comparable growth but contrasting physiological responses were investigated using physiological, metabolic and lipidomic tools to understand the plants' strategies of lipid remodeling in response to repeated drought stimuli. Profound differences in adaptation between hybrids were discovered during the recovery phase of lipidomic adaptation, which likely gave rise to different degrees of sensitivity to the subsequent drought event. These differences in adaptation are visible in galactolipid metabolism and fatty acid saturation patterns during recovery and may lead to a lipidomic dysregulation in the sensitive maize hybrid. Moreover, the more drought tolerant hybrid displays more changes of metabolite and lipid abundance with higher number of differences within individual lipids, despite of a lower physiological response, while the responses in the sensitive hybrid are higher in magnitude, but lower in significance on the level of individual lipids and metabolites. This study suggests that lipid remodeling during recovery plays a key role in the drought response of plants.

We obtain that a weak solution $(u,d)$ to the Liquid Crystal system is strong, if any two components of $u$ and $\nabla d$ satisfy Ladyzhenskaya-Prodi-Serrin’s condition, that is $$\|u^1\|_{L^{r,s}}+\|u^2\|_{L^{r,s}}+\|\nabla d\|_{L^{r,s}}\leq \infty, \qquad\frac{3}{r}+\frac{2}{s}\leq1.$$ We also prove that the velocity $u$ is bounded locally if any two comonents of $u$ and $\nabla d$ belong to $L^{6,\infty}$ and $u$ belongs to $L^{2+\delta}$ ($\delta>0$).

To understand dynamics of the COVID-19 disease realistically, a new SEIAPHR model has been proposed in this article where the infectious individuals have been categorized as symptomatic, asymptomatic and super-spreaders. The model has been investigated for existence of a unique solution. To measure the contagiousness of COVID-19, reproduction number R0 is also computed using next generation matrix method. It is shown that model is locally stable at disease free equilibrium point when R0 <1 and unstable for R0 >1. The model has been analyzed for global stability at both of the disease free and endemic equilibrium points. Sensitivity analysis is also included to examine the effect of parameters of the model on reproduction number R0. Couple of optimal control problems have been designed to study the effect of control strategies for disease control and eradication from the society. Numerical results show that the adopted control approaches are much effective in reducing new infections.

Photosynthetic induction, which is the response of the CO 2 assimilation rate to a stepwise increase in light intensity, potentially affects plant carbon gain and crop productivity in field environments. Although natural variations in photosynthetic induction are determined by CO 2 supply and its fixation, detailed factors, especially CO 2 supply, are unclear. This study investigated photosynthesis at steady and non-steady states in three rice ( Oryza sativa L.) genotypes: ARC 11094, Takanari, and Koshihikari. Stomatal traits and water relations in the plants were evaluated to characterise CO 2 supply. Photosynthetic induction was higher in ARC 11094 and Takanari than in Koshihikari owing to an efficient CO 2 supply. The CO 2 supply in Takanari is attributed to its high stomatal density, long guard cell length, and extensive root mass, whereas that in ARC 11094 is attributed to its high stomatal conductance per stoma and stomatal opening in leaves with insufficient water (i.e. anisohydric stomatal behaviour). Our results suggest that there are various mechanisms for realising an efficient CO 2 supply during the induction response. These characteristics can be useful for improving photosynthetic induction and, thus, crop productivity in field environments in future breeding programs.

Atractylodes lancea, known as Cangzhu in Chinese , has been widely used in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The colour of secretory cavity (SC) at Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR) differs greatly among geographic origins and cinnabar-like red SCs of AR is considered of high quality in TCM. However, chemical basis underlying this colour variation across natural accessions and within plant tissues are largely unknown, impeding implications of efficacy of cinnabar-like spots for Cangzhu in TCM. Here, we carried out laser capture microdissection (LCM) based metabolomics on three A. lancea natural accessions with distinct AR colour patterns. Multivariate statistics across various SC types identified three polyacetylenes significantly associated with the red SCs of AR. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) further indicated that they are likely the causal compounds underlying the cinnabar-like colour of SCs in A. lancea. We thus provide a clear example of using spatial metabolomics to reveal key metabolite markers associated with important pharmaceutical properties by using very limited number of natural accessions in a non-model plant. It will further guide the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways for polyacetylenes in herbaceous plant A. lancea.

We present a case of a 47-year-old female with a history of diagnosed KD and autoimmune hepatitis 13 years ago who presented with recurrent fevers and a desquamative rash on the lower extremities. Patient has elevated ASMA titer, and a subsequent liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis

This study was carried out on the usability of sulphur mine flotation wastes (SMFW) in the reclamation of calcareous sodic soils. SMFW are formed during the mineral ore beneficiation process and are stored in ponds built around the plant. However, from time to time, there are complaints that SMFW overflows from ponds and damages the environment. SMFW is very acidic (pH =1.0) and, according to chemical tests, it contains free sulphur, iron, and calcium sulphate. Due to these features of SMFW, it is thought that it can be used in calcareous sodic soil rehabilitation and also contribute to the solution of the waste management problem. For this purpose, the field trial was carried out for three years. The soil improvement tests were carried out in random blocks with 3 replicates, and 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 tons of SMFW per hectare have been used. SMFW raised the infiltration rate of soil by nearly double. At the same time, the effect of SMFW on sodium leaching was very rapid, and exchangeable sodium was removed from the upper layer with 30 cm of leaching water. In conclusion, SMFW improved the physical properties of sodic soils and established low-cost soil reclamation. SMFW doses of 30, 60, 90, and 120 tons per hectare provided exchangeable sodium leach equivalent to 32, 58, 59, and 86 tons of pure gypsum, respectively, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased significantly, particularly in the topsoil layer. These results showed that SMFW can be used in the reclamation of calcareous sodic soils.

Driven by scientific development, the bio-convection unsteady nanofluid flow has gained enormous attention in research due to its applications in various disciplines such as biosensors, biological polymer synthesis, pharmaceutics, microbial improved oil recovery, and environment-friendly applications. As such, this study aims to investigate the mixed bio-convective magnetized and electrically conducting 2-dimensional flow in view of two extended wall channels subjected to MHD, thermal radiation, and binary chemical reaction effects. A mathematical framework is developed underflow of a nonofluid based on certain conditions. The implication of Soret and Dufour impacts is considered in the model problem. Such a nonlinear mathematical model is tackled by invoking similarity solutions for mass conservation, momentum, temperature, concentration, and micro-organisms expressions. The dimensionless principles (ODEs) are addressed by the efficacy Nactsheim-Swigert shooting along with the iteration process, explicitly through shooting technique (RK-4). The outlines of distinguished emerging constraints on flow fields are offered through the plotted graphic visuals. The impact of physical quantities of engineering interest is offered numerically via tabulated values.

We investigate the global existence of small data solutions to the Cauchy problem for the semi-linear time fractional σ-evolution equation models with nonlinearity of derivative type and memory. Based on the Lr − Lq estimates obtained in linear problem, and combined with the global iteration method, the global existence of small data solutions is proved under certain conditions of power p. Furthermore, we find that in the low-dimensional case, the limit of our conclusion can match the critical exponent in classical results.

Abstract: Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of cardiac surgical patients towards the ongoing Coronavirus Disease  (COVID-19) pandemic, as they are among the high-risk group for morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2021 to November 2021 at a tertiary care hospital in western Rajasthan. A total of 88 patients were enrolled, and a questionnaire was created with 20 questions to assess KAP towards COVID-19. The KAP of enrolled patients was compared according to age, gender, place of residence, and education status. Results: A total of 88 participants completed the survey questionnaire, of whom 41 were male, and 47 were female. The mean age of the participants was 41.5 years. The mean knowledge score of our study group was 21.49±7.42, the mean attitude score was 4.08±1.84, and the mean practice score was 4.60±0.74. In the subgroup analysis, the difference in the knowledge score was statistically significant (p<0.05) in different age groups, however, the attitude and practice scores were comparable for all the age groups. There was no difference in KAP scores concerning the gender of the participants. KAP scores were significantly higher for the participants residing in urban areas than those from rural places. The KAP scores also showed a statistically significant relationship with the education status of the population (p<0.001). The knowledge score of the participants with graduation and above was 32.50±2.31, whereas the illiterate subgroup scored 13.72±3.15. Similar results were seen in the attitude and practice scores, with the mean values showing a gradual rise with the education status of the study population. Conclusion: This single-center KAP study on COVID-19 among cardiac patients who are considered high risk was able to postulate a comprehensive evaluation. The findings suggest that high-risk patients have decent knowledge scores and an overall optimistic outlook on surviving the pandemic. However, novel and far-reaching awareness programs are required for patients who are less educated and reside in rural areas as they are found to have lower KAP scores. Keywords: KAP, COVID 19, Cardiac surgery, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice

This case concerns 8-year-old boy who reported the chief complaints of severe nausea, persistent sore throat and pain in the abdomen. Laboratory investigation reveals high unconjugated serum bilirubin levels with normal liver function enzymes. One month of oral phenobarbital therapy showed an excellent response and lowered hyperbilirubinemia significantly.

Spontaneous hemothorax occurs in the absence of trauma or iatrogenic causes. Etiologies of spontaneous hemothorax in children include connective tissue disease, neoplasia and coagulopathy which is associated with thromboembolic events. We present the case of a 10-year-old chronic hemodialysis patient with spontaneous hemothorax with a concurrent COVID 19 infection.

Local therapies replaced systemic chemotherapy for ocular preservation in retinoblastoma. In middle income countries, these techniques pose specific challenges mostly related to more advanced disease at diagnosis. The Grupo de America Latina de Oncologia Pediatrica (GALOP developed a consensus document for the management of conservative therapy for retinoblastoma. Intra-arterial chemotherapy (OAC) is the preferred therapy, except those with less advanced disease or age younger than 6 months. OAC allowed for the elimination of the use of external beam radiotherapy in our setting. Intravitreal chemotherapy is the preferred treatment for vitreous seeding. Enucleation is the treatment of choice for advanced eyes.

The order Hymenoptera is one of, if not the most, species-rich order of animals, primarily driven by the many parasitoid wasps and their unique arthropod hosts. As hosts are necessary for survival, host location and selection have direct fitness implications. Semiochemicals, also known as infochemicals, from either the host herbivore or the plant are just one of many cues that parasitoid wasps use to locate a suitable host. The reliability-detectability hypothesis suggests that infochemicals from the host herbivore are the most reliable indicators of host presence. However, as localized signals, infochemicals are less detectable by parasitoids. Alternatively, infochemicals from plants are detectible over longer distances, although these signals are less reliable indicators of host herbivore presence. In this study, we explore the occurrence of infochemicals emitted by plants and their association with parasitoid host selection. We identified 112 phytochemical compounds extracted from Eucalyptus leaves that had been attacked by leaf beetle herbivores (Chrysomelidae) which had in turn been parasitized by Eadya larval-parasitoid wasps (Braconidae). Using several phylogenetic and statistical approaches, we conclude that host selection in two species of Eadya wasps is heavily influenced by infochemicals from the plant 1st trophic level. With this evidence, we propose amending the reliability-detectability hypothesis to include direct interaction between the 1st and 3rd trophic levels in a scenario where an oligophagous parasitoid utilizes oligophagous hosts.

Catalytic behavior of metal-free Hydroxyl group (OH) functionalized single nitrogen (N-Gra(OH)16), and triple nitrogen (N3-Gra(OH)16) doped graphene surface are investigated in the 4e- reduction pathway under oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. The thermodynamical parameters indicate the reaction to be highly exothermic and feasible with the N-Gra(OH)16 and N3-Gra(OH)16 as catalysts. However, N3-Gra(OH)16 shows better catalytic properties than N-Gra(OH)16. First, all reactive species (*O2, *OOH, *O, and *OH) chemisorb via a covalent bond on the N3-Gra(OH)16, which is essential for the efficient reaction kinetics. Secondly, the product H2O is physisorbed on the N3-Gra(OH)16, required for the uninterrupted reaction cycle. Categorically, the N3-Gra(OH)16 shows excellent catalytic activity due to a higher number of nitrogen atoms which has a lowered EHOMO-LUMO gap, concomitantly increasing the surface’s reactivity. Besides the above, the barrier energies are comparable with platinum (Pt) catalyst. Our results show that the N3-Gra(OH)16 surface is the most suitable catalyst for ORR activity.

The use of hydrogen gases has expanded significantly in chemical industry due to its contribution to the decarbonization. The temperatures and pressures of hydrogen gases should be managed to satisfy the different hydrogen consumers that leads to considerable energy consumption. Such a serious challenge highlights the importance of work-heat integration for energy savings of hydrogen networks. Towards this end, a superstructure-based method is proposed for the work-heat integration specific to hydrogen allocation network, wherein the complex thermophysical properties of hydrogen are represented via an accurate surrogate model derived from the data of process simulation. To perform the optimal design of the system, a mixed integer nonlinear programming model is formulated to reflect all considered work-heat interactive relationship and constraints in hydrogen networks. Two examples are studied. 10.8% reduction in the net power consumption and 44.3% decrease in the total annual cost have shown the superiority of the proposed method.

This work aims to develop a molecular-level process model framework for simulating the FCC process. The process model consists of the riser, regenerator, and separation models. A complex molecular-level kinetic model, containing 3,652 molecules and 8,202 reactions, was developed for the heavy oil FCC process. The kinetic model was coupled with the riser model, and the model parameter was tuned by a set of systematic experimental data from a pilot-scale plant. After that, a two-zone and two-phase regenerator model was built. The regenerator was combined with the riser model, and the coupled modeling and process simulation for the riser-type FCC unit was developed. The results show that the calculated value of fraction yields and key bulk properties agrees well with the experimental data. Moreover, the molecular distribution of the product and temperature profile was also predicted.

Paradoxical embolism is often a presumptive diagnosis as definitive evidence of venous thrombi, arterial embolism and a clot traversing a cardiac defect is extremely uncommon. We present a rare case report of a patient diagnosed with paradoxical embolism, in whom a thrombus-in-transit through a patent foramen ovale was identified.

Hot excitons are usually neglected in optical spectroscopy in 2D semiconductors for the sake of momentum conservation, as the majority of hot excitons are out of light cones. In this letter, we elaborate the contribution of hot excitons to optical properties of monolayer MoSe2 with photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. With the excitation-intensity-dependent PL, temperature-dependent PL and PLE experiments combined with the simulations, we experimentally distinguish the influences of the exciton temperature and the lattice temperature in the PL spectrum. It is concluded that the acoustic phonon assisted photoluminescence accounts for the non-Lorentzian high energy tail in the PL spectrum and the hot exciton effect is significant to linear optical properties of TMDs. Besides, the effective exciton temperature is found to be several tens of Kelvin higher than the lattice temperature at non-resonant optical excitation. It indicates that the exciton temperature needs to be carefully taken into account when considering the exciton related quantum phase phenomena such as exciton condensation. It is experimentally demonstrated that the effective exciton temperature can be tuned by excitation energy.

Under complex driving conditions, the driving speed of pure electric vehicles changes frequently, and there is no mathematical law to follow. Bad working conditions will lead to the change of the driving motor parameters. Conventional motor control PI regulator parameters are fixed and cannot be adjusted in real time in accordance with the vehicle driving state. The dynamic performance of the drive system decreases due to the increase of AC/DC coupling in the high-speed field weakening region of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). To solve the above problems, an IPMSM fuzzy single-current field weakening control algorithm for pure electric vehicles was proposed, and the parameters of the PI regulator were adjusted in real time through fuzzy control to enhance the response characteristics and anti-interference characteristics of the drive system. The optimized single-current field weakening control method was adopted, and the a-axis and d-axis voltage was adjusted in real time based on the vehicle speed and the output torque, which enhanced the control performance of the vehicle in the high-speed field weakening region. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm were verified through a simulation comparison with the conventional PI-adjusted single-current field weakening control algorithm.

Ecosystem vulnerability in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is a prominent concern. An in-depth exploration of net primary productivity (NPP) serves as an important aspect of assessing and protecting ecosystem health. We explored spatiotemporal changes and influencing factors of NPP in the YRB from 2000–2015, using a range of spatial analysis techniques, and cutting-edge computing-intensive variable importance decomposition methods. We found that NPP showed a fluctuating growth trend over time, ranging from 181.0–259.1 gC∙m -2∙a -1, as well as a clear negative south-north spatial gradient. Significant spatial clustering patterns were observed, with Low-Low and High-High clusters being the dominant area classifications at grid cell, county, and city scales in the study area. We also found that NPP was statistically significantly affected by both natural factors (including climate and topography), and human activities, whilst meteorological factors were the most important factor and explained, on average, roughly 66% of the variability in NPP. Although the impact of human activities on NPP was relatively low when compared to natural factors, the former tended to increase with time and accounted for roughly 30% of the total variability explained by the model in 2015. Overall, this study provides an improved technical framework for undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of NPP and its influencing factors at multiple-spatial scales.

Background: Ramadan Umrah is the second largest Islamic pilgrimage with 2.75 million pilgrims allowed in 2022. This report presents the results of survey among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Ramadan Umrah for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and influenza activity and to identify prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants after this mass gathering. Methods: Cross‐sectional survey conducted at Cairo airport April 30-May 5, 2022. Pilgrims were invited to participate voluntarily. After consenting, participants interviewed using questionnaire including demographics, health status and vaccination information and asked to provide NP/OP swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza testing by RT-PCR. Whole-genome sequencing performed for 29 SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Incidence calculated, descriptive data analysis performed, and SARS-CoV-2 patients were compared to negatively tested participants using chi2 and p value<0.05. Results: Overall, 1,003 subjects participated, their mean age 50.9±13 years, 594 (59.2%) were males. Of them, 76(7.6%) tested positive including 67(6.7%) SARS-CoV-2, 7(0.7%) influenza and 2(0.2%) SARS-CoV-2/influenza coinfection. Omicron sublineage BA.2 was the prevalent variant with no difference in severity identified between BA.1 and BA.2. No difference identified between COVID-19 incidence among receivers of different vaccine types or between fully vaccinated and booster dose receivers. Conclusions: survey indicated a low incidence of SARs-CoV-2 and influenza among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Ramadan Umrah. Patients had mild or no symptoms with no hospitalization or deaths reported. Full vaccination and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines proved equally effective. Enhancing COVID-19 and influenza vaccination before mass gatherings and close monitoring of respiratory viruses among pilgrims returning from Hajj and Umrah are crucial for outbreak early detection and mitigation.

We present three Chinese male patients with similar complaints of recurrent episodes of vesicles, blisters, erosion/ulcers predominantly on sun-exposed areas. They were diagnosed as having porphyria cutanea tarda after a clinical investigation. Of note, all patients had a history of alcohol abuse with or without apparent liver function damage.

Reality has failed to agree with the expectation that vaccines will solve the COVID-19 problem by preventing onward transmission of the coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2, which followed logical deductions from inflammatory phenomena in which Mechnikov and his contemporaries described immunity as originating from the elimination of pathogens by a system of cells and substances that has since been named the immune system. But upon illustrating the reality in which we are protected from the pathological manifestations that occur in response to the pathogen in immunological phenomena, it was found to be that in which the pathogen does not cause such pathological manifestations through effects that are due to its mere presence but rather through effects that are due to its influence on pathological mechanisms so that immune mechanisms do not protect us from such pathological manifestations by eliminating the pathogen but rather by making asymptomatic hosting of the pathogen possible. And such protection, which occurs in spite of the presence of the pathogen when the conditions from which it originates are present, is obtained by means of infection with the same pathogen through the attenuation of its