Fed aquaculture is one of the fastest growing and most valuable food production industries. The efficiency with which farmed fish convert feed into biomass influences both environmental impact and economic revenue. Salmonid species, such as king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), exhibit high levels of plasticity in vital rates such as feed intake and growth rates. Accurate estimations of individual variability in vital rates are important for production management. The use of mean trait values to evaluate feeding and growth performance can mask individual-level differences that potentially contribute to inefficiencies. Here, we apply an integral projection model (IPM) to investigate individual variation in growth performance of 1625 individually tagged king salmon fed one of three distinct rations and tracked over 276 days. To capture the observed sigmoidal growth, we compared a non-linear mixed-effects (logistic) model to a linear regression model used within the IPM framework. Ration significantly influenced several aspects of growth. Mean final body mass and mean growth rate increased with ration, however, variance in body mass and feed intake also increased significantly over time. Trends in body mass mean and variance were captured by both logistic and linear models, suggesting the linear model to be suitable for use in the IPM. Higher rations resulted in a decreasing proportion of individuals reaching the cohort’s mean size or larger by the end of the experiment. This suggests that, in our trial, feeding to satiation did not produce the desired effects of efficient and uniform growth in juvenile king salmon. While monitoring individuals through time is challenging in commercial aquaculture settings, recent technological advances combined with an IPM approach could provide new scope for tracking growth performance in experimental and farmed populations. The IPM framework also allows the exploration of other size-dependent processes affecting vital rate functions, such as competition and mortality.

Muscari with absorbing color is a widespread and commercial species. As a pot and bedding bulb flower has excellent adaptability and vigorous growth in late winter and early spring. In our experiment, the quantity and uniformity of Muscari propagation by seed and the importance of seed priming will be measured. The selected M. neglectum populations which already were gathered in our previews research and M. armeniacum were evaluated under separated sulfuric acid (5, 15, and 20 min) and hot water (5, 15, and 20 min) scarification plus 15, 30, and 45 days stratification in a completely randomized design, four replications were planted in separate containers. Seeds of M. armeniacum only germinate (70%) by 15 min sulfuric acid plus 45-day stratification treatments. Based on the analysis of variance and mean comparison data that only were reported in M. neglectum, their seeds optimally germinated by 5 and 15 min sulfuric acid treatment plus 45-day stratification. In conclusion, M. neglectum seeds germination is tuned to take place well in mid-winter under natural conditions; on the other hand, 45 days of lengthy constant stratification and 5 min sulfuric acid priming will accelerate M. neglectum seeds germination.

Low oxygen condition or hypoxia is a distinguishing feature of the tumor microenvironment, which is a well-recognized factor responsible for the limited efficacy of traditional modes of cancer treatments, such as-radiotherapy, chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. However, oxygen therapy can reverse the hypoxia-mediated de-sensitization of hypoxic tumor cells towards the conventional cancer treatments. The efficacy of photodynamic, drugs or radiation routines is enhanced whenever oxygen therapy is coupled with conventional treatment regimes. Additionally, a significant reduction in tumor mass post-oxygen therapy is evident, irrespective of coupling it with the conventional therapy. Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy (HBOT) was earlier used in cancer treatments. Nevertheless, untargeted application of HBOT comes with severe side-effects. This drawback limits the tumor oxygenation strategy to the pre-clinical stage. However recent studies demonstrate a large number of strategies such as use of manganese oxide based depots for site specific oxygen delivery and breathing of excess of oxygen with reduced time etc., all have been discovered to achieve oxygenation of hypoxic tumor micro environment. This article reviews the important progresses made in the field of oxygen therapy. This study will be helpful in developing new therapeutic methods based on the application of oxygen, which can bypass hypoxia-induced resistance to traditional therapeutic regimes.Source: INNSPUB.NET

Herein, we report two cases of patients diagnosed with nivolumab-refractory distant metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who were successfully treated with a combination of paclitaxel and cetuximab, thus demonstrating that some nivolumab-refractory patients with recurrent or distant metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma may benefit from subsequent salvage chemotherapy.

We report a case in which it was difficult to distinguish cervical lymph node involvement from Hodgkin's lymphoma vs cervical lymph node metastasis from tongue cancer. Additionally, we report the histopathology for a postoperative follow-up biopsy of an enlarged lymph node in this patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma in remission.

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is a virus of causing bovine respiratory disease that poses significant threat to the cattle industry. The prevalence of BHV-1 has recently increased in China. However, information about the prevalent isolates is scarce. In this study, we identified a novel strain of BHV-1, referred to as BHV SHJS, isolated from nasal swabs of Holstein cows in 2020 of China. The genome of BHV SHJS is 1,35,102 bp in length and highly similar to SP1777 (KM258883.1) strain with an identity of 99.64 % . Mutations, insertions, or deletions mainly occur in UL12, UL19, UL27, UL37, UL42, UL44, UL46, UL47, US6, US7, and US8 relative to the different genomic coordinates. Phylogenetic analyses of immunogenic gene (gB, gC, and gD) revealed that BHV SHJS and other China outbreak strains were displayed on different branches with commonly used vaccine strains. Recombination analysis shown that BHV SHJS could persist even with BoviShield IBR MLV and Arsenal IBR MLV vaccines, suggesting that these vaccines should not completely prevent BHV SHJS infection. These analyses partially explain why the vaccines only partially protect against BHV-1 outbreaks in China. In conclusion, we identified a novel and potential recombinant BHV-1 strain and for the first time characterized BHV-1 genome with a different evolutionary origin from that of known strains prevalent in China. This study will enrich our knowledge regarding BHV outbreak strains in China and contribute to the prevention and pathogenic studies of BHV-1.

Introductions of invasive species to new environments often result in rapid rates of trait evolution. While in some cases these evolutionary transitions are adaptive and driven by natural selection, they can also result from non-adaptive processes associated with the invasion history. Here, we examined the role of adaptive and non-adaptive evolutionary processes in the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), a widespread invasive lizard for which genetic data have helped trace the sources of non-native populations. We focused on the dewlap, a signaling trait known to be subject to multiple selective pressures. We measured dewlap reflectance, pattern, and size in non-native populations across the southeastern United States. We combine these trait measurements with quantification of environmental variables known to influence dewlap signal effectiveness, such as canopy openness. Further, we use genome-wide data to estimate ancestry and to perform association mapping for dewlap traits. We found that among-population variation in dewlap characteristics is best explained by ancestry, as contributed by invasion history. This result was supported by genome-wide association mapping, which identified several ancestry-specific loci associated with dewlap traits. Despite the strong imprint of invasion history on dewlap variation, we also detect significant relationships between dewlap traits and local environmental conditions. Thus, our results are also consistent with natural selection influencing trait evolution during the brown anole invasion. Our study clarifies the importance of ancestry and admixture in shaping phenotypes during biological invasion, while also showing that some traits can respond adaptively to conditions encountered in the invasive range despite potential constraints imposed by invasion history.

Single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in the nuclear genome have been used widely to analyze phylogenetic and population genomic structure. Cost-effective genotyping can be achieved by sequencing PCR amplicons using short 3-10 base sequences as primers to arbitrarily amplify thousands of sites in the genome using only a few primers. While previous methods have produced an insufficient number of SNVs to perform population genomic analyses, we designed a new primer set to improve the sequencing efficiency. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we examined the population genetic structure of the small freshwater fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes). Specifically, we attempted to reconstruct the genetic admixture of the orange mutant strain, Himedaka. Although the strain is widely kept as an ornamental fish and for experimental purposes, the genetic background of the nuclear genome of commercial stock is less clear. We obtained 2987 informative SNVs with no missing genotype calls for 67 individuals from 15 wild populations and three artificial strains using the HiSeq X platform. The estimated phylogenic and population genetic structures of the wild populations were consistent with previous studies, corroborating the accuracy of our genotyping method. Admixture analysis focusing on Himedaka showed that at least two wild populations contributed SNVs to the nuclear genome of this mutant strain. Population genomics analyses based on nuclear SNVs data are indispensable to identify admixture events, including natural hybridization and anthropogenic introductions. The method developed in this study will be useful for future population genomics studies on medaka and on other organisms.

The screening mechanism is an important component of the screening game between plants and pollinators, and also as a theoretical framework for understanding the maintenance and drivers of co-evolution by animals and plants. However, no previous studies have investigated the composite screening mechanism in plants from biomechanical and morphological perspectives. Thus, we observed and measured the insects and flower traits in different populations of Delphinium caeruleum J., and compared the operative strength of staminodes with the strength that insects were capable of exerting, as well as the length of the nectar spur and proboscis in insects. The flower traits, insect species, visitor frequency, and efficiency differed among three experimental sites. The strength and proboscis length of the insect visitors matched with the operative strength of staminodes and the nectar spur length, whereas the opposite was found for non-visitors. Our results demonstrate that Delphinium caeruleum J. can screen for efficient pollinator insects through a complex mechanism based on a combination of length screening and biomechanical screening. Pollinators contribute significantly to promoting both the convergence and divergence of flower characteristics, which may be a consequence of plants adapting to local pollinators.

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT)-associated adverse events are a major concern for the safety and efficacy of AIT. Omalizumab is a novel anti-IgE monoclonal antibody for the treatment of allergic diseases. At present, there is no agreement on whether combining omalizumab with AIT could improve such conditions. Objective: To identify the superiority of combining omalizumab and AIT in allergic diseases. Methods: A thorough search of the Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to find randomized controlled trials reporting the combination of omalizumab in AIT. A fixed-effects model was used to estimate the safety and efficacy with 95% confidence interval. Results: The inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis were met by a total of 10 randomized controlled studies (containing 871 patients). According to a pooled analysis, individuals receiving omalizumab reported significantly fewer episodes of severe systemic adverse reaction compared to control patients (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.58). Similarly, the addition of omalizumab significantly increased the number of patients achieving target maintenance dose (TMD) and sustained unresponsiveness to allergen (SU) (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.48; and RR 2.55, 95%CI 1.56 to 4.17, respectively) than the control group. Meanwhile, the improvement in symptom severity score (MD -0.28, 95%CI -0.31 to -0.25), rescue medicine daily means score (MD -0.12, 95%CI -0.22 to -0.09), and the number of patients consuming epinephrine in AIT（RR 0.30, 95%CI 0.15 to 0.63）were also displayed superior to control. Conclusion: Omalizumab can significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of AIT by decreasing the frequency of severe systemic adverse events and increasing TMD.

Climate warming alters the seasonal timing of biological events. This raises concerns that species-specific responses to warming may de-synchronize co-evolved consumer-resource phenologies, resulting in trophic mismatch and altered ecosystem dynamics. Here we explore effects of warming on the temporal coherence of two key phenological events in lakes across Europe: The onset of the phytoplankton spring bloom and the spring/summer maximum of the grazer Daphnia. Simulation of 1,891,744 lake years revealed that, under the current climate, the phenological delay between the two events varies greatly (20-190 days) across lake types and geographic locations. Warming moves both phenological events forward in time and can predictably lengthen or shorten the delay between them by up to 60 days. Our findings expose large extant variation in phenological synchrony of planktonic organisms, provide quantitative predictions of its dependence on physical lake properties and geographic location, and highlight research needs concerning its ecological consequences.

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a popular method for measuring gene expression in non-model organisms, including wild populations. While RNA-Seq can measure gene expression variation among wild-caught individuals and can yield important biological insights into organism function, sampling methods may also influence gene expression estimates. We examined the influence of multiple technical variables on estimated gene expression in a non-model fish, the westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), using two RNA-Seq library types: 3’ RNA-Seq and whole mRNA-Seq. We evaluated effects of dip netting versus electrofishing, and of harvesting tissue immediately versus 5 minutes after euthanasia on estimated gene expression in blood, gill, and muscle. We detected 30% more genes with whole mRNA-Seq than with 3’ RNA-Seq and found that 58% of genes were significantly differently expressed between 3’ RNA-Seq and whole mRNA-Seq. Our findings indicate that 3’ RNA-Seq and whole mRNA-Seq are robust to the technical variables related to the field sampling approaches tested here with a lack of differential gene expression among sampling methods and tissue collection time after euthanasia. However, we found that gene expression varied based on which RNA-Seq library type was used on the same set of samples. Our study suggests researchers could safely rely on different fish sampling strategies in the field and save money and analyze more individuals using 3’ RNA-Seq, but should use whole mRNA-Seq when working with a species without good genomic resources, and when maximizing the number of genes identified and detecting alternative splicing are important.

BACKGROUND: About 430,000-1,000,000 Gender Dysphoria- and Mayer-Rokitanksy-Küster-Hauser-patients undergo vaginoplasty each year. Various surgical procedures are available, but direct comparisons are lacking. This inhibits well-informed decision making by patients and healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVES: Highlight information gaps, weaknesses and strengths of todays vaginoplasty techniques. SEARCH STRATEGY: A systematic search in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus until March 8, 2022 was conducted, by PICO method and PROSPERO registration. SELECTION CRITERIA: Original retrospective studies on complete neovaginal creation in adult Gender Dysphoria- and Mayer-Rokitanksy-Küster-Hauser-patients and discussing anatomical outcome, Quality of Life, satisfaction, sexual function, complications and/or complaints. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data was extracted and methodological quality and potential bias were assessed. The 95% confidence intervals were calculated with DerSimonian and Laird random-effects. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 47 articles were eligible. Surgery took 198 minutes with 10.2 cm vaginal length. Major complications included 5% hemorrhage, 1% gastrointestinal complications, 1% prolapse, 3% tissue necrosis and 6% stenosis, with 31% revisions. Patients reported 25% excessive discharge, 6% pain, 11% fecal- and 17% urinary issues and one case of hair growth. Patients also reported 95% aesthetic- and 93% anatomical satisfaction, 10% overall dissatisfaction and 1% regret. Reports showed 75% sexual activity, 13% dyspareunia, 87% sensation and 84% overall functional satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple vaginoplasty techniques demonstrated safe and acceptable outcomes, with significant improvement of Quality of Life and self-image. However, standardized validation tools are needed for well-informed decision-making. Direct technique comparisons with similar cohorts and exploration of tissue-engineering methods are critical for future surgical advancements.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to establish the feasibility of the Laparoscopic debulking surgery in post neoadjuvant chemotherapy advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS / MATERIALS: We performed a retrospective review of laparoscopic approach in patients with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer (International Federation of Gynaecology Obstetrics stages IIIC-IV) who received 3 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, from January 2015 to December 2017, at the Gynecologic Oncologic Unit, Galaxy care hospital and research centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Results: A total of 30 patients were included. The median age was 48.3 years (range, 26-63 years), median body mass index was 24.5 kg/m2 (range, 19-39 kg/m2). All patients had a good clinical response to 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All women underwent a complete debulking surgery with no residual disease. The median operating time was 152 minutes (range, 70-335 minutes), the median blood loss was 70 mL (range, 50-130 mL). The median number of removed pelvic lymph nodes was 17 (range, 13-25). The median length of hospital stay was 4.6 days (range, 2-15 days). The median follow-up was 15 months (range, 2-54 months). Twenty patients are free from recurrence at the time of this report. The most common site of recurrence was the local (five out of 30). All patients received chemotherapy postoperatively on median post-op day 9 (range, 7-14) Conclusions: Laparoscopic cytoreduction in patients with advanced ovarian cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, when performed by skilled surgeons, seems feasible and may decrease the impact of aggressive surgery on high-morbidity patients after chemotherapy.

A document by Kamana Subba. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background- Abdominal pregnancy remains a diagnostic and management challenge Objective- Highlighting diagnostic and management dilemmas in secondary abdominal pregnancy Search strategy- MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science searched from 1930-2021. Selection criteria- Articles on secondary abdominal pregnancies Data collection and analysis- An illustrative case report of a woman at 13 weeks gestation referred from a primary health centre with vague abdominal pain. Imaging confirmed secondary abdominal pregnancy with hemoperitoneum. Emergency laparotomy revealed significant hemoperitoneum, a live floating fetus in the abdominal cavity and placental attachment to the left cornu and fallopian tube which were removed and cornual repair performed. Recovery was uneventful. We reviewed the literature on secondary abdominal pregnancies, early and advanced from 1930-2021 and summarised management and outcomes of 314 such cases. Main Results- Among the 314 cases reviewed, 295 cases (93.9%) were surgically managed and 19 (6%) required hysterectomy. Post-surgery methotrexate was given in 9 cases (2.9%). Following primary methotrexate administration in 18 patients, 10 required surgery (55.5%). Complete placental removal was achieved in 264 cases (84%), partial in 27 (8.6%) and left in situ in 16 (5.1%). Seventy-four cases (23.6%) required blood transfusion. There were 15 maternal deaths (4.8%). Twenty-seven fetuses (8.6%) were live born, 6 (1.9%) were neonatal deaths and 46 (14.6%) were fetal demise. Conclusion- Maternal mortality and morbidity is of serious concern in abdominal pregnancies requiring a high index of suspicion and management expertise. Funding- None Keywords- abdominal pregnancy, primary peritoneal pregnancy, secondary abdominal pregnancy, hepatic pregnancy, omental pregnancy, diaphragmatic pregnancy.

The koala, one of the most iconic Australian wildlife species, is facing several concomitant threats that are driving population declines. Some threats are well known and have clear methods of prevention (e.g. habitat loss can be reduced with stronger land-clearing control), whereas others are less easily addressed. One of the major current threats to koalas is chlamydial disease, which can have major impacts on individual survival and reproduction rates, and can translate into population declines. Effective management strategies for the disease in the wild are currently lacking, and to date we know little about the determinants of individual susceptibility to disease. Here we used a rare opportunity to investigate the genetic basis of variation in susceptibility to chlamydia using one of the most intensively studied wild koala populations. We combine data from veterinary examinations, chlamydia testing, genetic sampling and movement monitoring. Out of our sample of 342 wild koalas, 60 were found to have chlamydia. Using genotype information on 8649 SNPs to investigate the role of genetic characteristics in determining disease status, we found no evidence of inbreeding depression, but a heritability of 0.14 (95%CI: 0.06 – 0.23) for the probability that koalas had chlamydia. Heritability of susceptibility to chlamydia could be relevant for future disease management in koalas, as it suggests the potential to select for disease resilience through assisted breeding.

Comprehensive decisions on the management of commercially produced livestock, including solitary bees, depend largely on associated knowledge of genetic diversity. In this study, we present novel microsatellite markers to support the breeding, management, and conservation of the blue orchard bee, Osmia lignaria. Native to North America, O. lignaria has been trapped from wildlands and propagated on-crop and used to pollinate certain fruit, nut, and berry crops. Harnessing the O. lignaria genome assembly, we identified 59,632 candidate microsatellite loci in silico, of which 22 were tested using molecular techniques. Of the 22 loci, 14 loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and demonstrated no linkage disequilibrium (LD) in two Intermountain North American wild populations in Idaho and Utah. We found no difference in population genetic diversity between the two populations, but there was evidence for low but significant population differentiation. Also, to determine if these markers amplify in other Osmia, we assessed 23 species across the clades apicata, bicornis, emarginata, and ribifloris. Nine loci amplified in three species/subspecies of apicata, 22 loci amplified in 11 species/subspecies of bicornis, 11 loci amplified in seven species/subspecies of emarginata, and 22 loci amplified in two species/subspecies of ribifloris. Further testing is necessary to determine the capacity of these microsatellite loci to characterize genetic diversity and structure under the assumption of HWE and LD for species beyond O. lignaria. These markers will help to inform the conservation and commercial use of trapped and managed O. lignaria and other Osmia species for both agricultural and non-agricultural systems.

Klippel Feil Syndrome (KFS) is a congenital skeletal disorder with genitourinary disorder. We report a case of KFS with associated anomalies such as, short neck, limitation of neck movement and dextrocardia who received successful cadaveric kidney transplantation. Keywords: Klippel Feil Syndrome, Kidney transplant, ESRD, Difficult airway, Limited neck movement

we reported a case of skin and soft tissue infection caused by Yokenella regensburgei in a 71-year-old Chinese female patient without underlying diseases. We also reviewed published case reports from worldwide literature and summerized the risk factors of Y. regensburgei.

Acute sialadenitis is one of the rare adverse effects of Azathioprine. We report a case of acute submandibular sialadenitis following initiation of Azathioprine which resolved upon discontinuation of the drug.

A 10-year-old child presented with right eyelid ptosis and restricted eye movements associated with diplopia and pain in the right eye. Brain imaging and laboratory tests revealed no obstruction, infection, or hypercoagulable state. The condition was labeled as idiopathic.

We report a modified minimally invasive surgery for thoracic pyogenic spondylitis by single-stage posterior fixation with curettage of the spinal anterior segments and autogenous iliac bone grafting using a separate posterolateral approach. This surgical method avoids contamination of spinal implants by maintaining a muscular barrier from the curettage/grafting site.

Congenital bronchial webs are extremely rare and usually remain undiagnosed due to non-specific symptoms. Herein, we reported a 4-years-old case of the bronchial web who was initially undiagnosed upon bronchoscopy following foreign-body aspiration and afterward misdiagnosed as childhood asthma through his consistent cough and exertional dyspnea for several months.