The Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET inverter welding power supply produces high rates of voltage and current change (dv/dt and di/dt) as well as a reverse recovery current transient rate during the high-frequency and high-voltage switching process. This causes a serious crosstalk issue and affects the driving reliability of SiC MOSFETs. This research creates a half-bridge crosstalk model based on the properties of SiC MOSFET power devices and an inverter welding power supply. Further analysis is done on the crosstalk mechanism of the SiC MOSFETs used in the half-bridge application as well as the impact of the driving parameters on the switching process. A SiC MOSFET drive circuit with protection functions is designed. By constructing a double pulse circuit, the SiC MOSFET driving circuit’s functionality and its driving parameters are assessed. The driving waveform of the SiC MOSFET is stable and within the expected range in the SiC MOSFET inverter welding power supply. The experimental findings demonstrate the viability of the driving circuit that was created. SiC MOSFETs can operate consistently and produce an excellent switching waveform.

In flowering plants that produce concealed rewards, pollinator foraging preferences may select for traits that are correlated with rewards. We tested for variation in, and selection on, honest signals across and within populations and mating systems in Arabis alpina. In a greenhouse common garden, we tested for correlations between corolla area, floral scent, and nectar volume in 29 populations. In 12 field populations, we estimated pollen limitation and pollinator-mediated selection on corolla area. Across and within populations and mating systems, larger flowers generally produced more nectar. Total scent emission was not correlated with nectar production, but two compounds—phenylacetaldehyde and benzyl alcohol—may be honest signals in some populations. Corolla area was not under contemporary selection and was correlated with pollen limitation only across populations. Our results suggest that honest signals may be similar across populations but may not result from contemporary direct selection on floral advertisements.

Background: Access to consistent health insurance is a commendable landmark in healthcare service as it reduces maternal mortality. In Nigeria, pregnancy-related complications result in 40,000 maternal deaths annually. Socio-demographic factors of women predict access to health insurance and utilisation of maternal health services. This study aimed to investigate the association between health insurance coverage and utilisation of maternal health services among women of reproductive age. Methodology: Data for this study was extracted from NDHS 2018 population-based study. Statistical significance was set at p<0.005. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze socio-demographic characteristics while inferential statistics of binary logistic regressioninvestigated the strength of association between independent and dependent variables. Result: The mean age of women in this study were 29.8±7.0. Majority of respondents (97.2%) were not covered by health insurance which predicts poor maternal healthcare as the majority (98.1%) did not attend the above four ANC visits. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that women covered by health insurance were 3.8 times more likely to be attended to by a skilled birth attendant at time of delivery than those without health insurance (OR=3.755; CI=2.901-4.860). Findings revealed that women covered by health insurance were 1.5times more likely to assess ANC compared to those who are not (OR=1.494, C.I=1.224-1.823) Conclusion: Health insurance coverage is associated with better utilisation of maternal healthcare services. Therefore, instituting sustainable strategies to ensure a holistic health insurance coverage that cuts across socio-economic strata will improve decision-making and enhance health-seeking practices among women of reproductive age.

To contribute to the conservation of endangered animals, the utilization of model systems is critical to analyze the function of their gut microbiota. In this study, the results of a fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) experiment with germ-free (GF) mice receiving giant panda or horse fecal microbiota showed a clear clustering by donor microbial communities in GF mice, which was consistent with the results of blood metabolites from these mice. At the genus level, FMT re-established approximately 9% of the giant panda donor microbiota in GF mice compared to about 32% for the horse donor microbiota. In line with this, the difference between the panda donor microbiota and panda-mice microbiota on whole-community level was significantly larger than that between the horse donor microbiota and the horse-mice microbiota. These results were consistent with source tracking analysis that found a significantly higher retention rate of the horse donor microbiota (30.9%) than the giant panda donor microbiota (4.0%) in GF mice where the microbiota remained stable after FMT. Further analyses indicated that the possible reason for the low retention rate of the panda donor microbiota in GF mice was a low relative abundance of Clostridiaceae in the panda donor microbiota. Our results indicate that the donor microbiota has a large effect on GF mice microbiota after FMT.

Top 50 medical SCOPUS-Indexed journals publishing case reports have been analyzed in order to identify the reporting requirements and emerging typologies. Reporting requirements are grouped in: (1) reasons for publishing,(2) patient consent and confidentiality,(3) word limitation, and (4) recommendation for the structure and reporting elements. Also, 13 types were identified.

We report two cases of previously healthy young men with COVID-19 infection who developed acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion followed by secondary events concerning for a further thromboembolic event. We hypothesize that the hypercoagulable state related to COVID-19 exacerbated the underlying hereditary thrombophilia due to MTHFR-gene mutation.

Oral chemical ulceration is a rare condition. The causes differ from misuse of dental material by dentists and over-the-counter drugs (OTC) to the herbal ingredients in our foods. This report represents a case of chemical ulceration of the mouth caused by hydraulic oil leakage inside a dental chair

Cnidarians are the most primitive metazoans, but their evolutionary relationships are poorly understood, although recent studies present several phylogenetic hypotheses. Here, we collected 266 complete cnidarian mitochondrial genomes and re-evaluated the phylogenetic relationships between the major lineages. We described the gene rearrangement patterns of Cnidaria. Anthozoans had significantly greater mitochondrial genome size and lower A + T content than Medusozoans. Most of the protein-coding genes in Anthozoans such as COX 1-3, ATP6, and CYTB displayed a faster rate of evolution based on selection analysis. There were 19 distinct patterns of mitochondrial gene order, including 16 unique gene orders in Anthozoans and 3 mtDNA gene orders pattern in Medusozoans, were identified among cnidarians. The gene order arrangement suggested that a linearized mtDNA structure may be more conducive to Medusozoan mtDNA stability. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the monophyly of the Anthozoa was strongly supported compared to previous mitochondrial genome-based analyses rather than octocorals forming a sister group relationship with medusozoans. In addition, Staurozoa were more closely related to Anthozoa than to Medusozoans. In conclusion, these results largely support the traditional phylogenetic view of the relationships of cnidarians and provide new insights into the evolutionary processes for studying the most ancient animal radiations.

In literature until today, many authors have studied special sequences in different number systems. In this paper, we have introduced the Oresme hybrid quaternion numbers. We give some properties and identities such as Binet's formula, generating function, norm and characteristic equation for these quaternions. Furthermore, matrix and determinant forms for these quaternion numbers are given.

Gastroenteritis can be associated with life-threatening complications like myocarditis. A 16-year-old male presented with acute myocarditis mimicking STEMI after gastroenteritis. He made an uneventful recovery after appropriate treatment. This case report highlights that clinicians should be aware of this rare, but serious, cardiac complication when treating patients with gastroenteritis.

C4F7N with excellent insulation performance has been proposed to replace the traditional SF6 as a new insulating medium in power equipment. In the present study, the molecular structure and radiative efficiency (RE) of C4F7N are calculated and compared with SF6 based on DFT calculation. The decomposition of pure C4F7N and the basic interactions between C4F7N and hydroxyl radical in the constructed co-crystal of C4F7N-H2O have been simulated by applying Monte-Carlo calculation and Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) method, in order to obtain reasonable and full-scale atmospheric dissociation processes. Then the detailed decomposition pathways are learned with DFT method of M062X. The rate constants of different pathways are further applied for calculating the atmosphere lifetime of C4F7N, to evaluate the possibility of applying it as an alternative gas of SF6 in power equipment. All the atmospheric chemical behaviours are determined by electronic structure and reflected by the decomposition pathways of C4F7N with interacting with hydroxyl radicals. Rather than traditional hypothesizing reaction models, this study provides a reasonable and practicable method to evaluate more alternative protective gas for understand the greenhouse effect.

Chitinase plays an important role in plant resistance against chitin containing pathogens by degrading chitin. Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a major disease in cruciferous crops worldwide, including vegetable and rapeseed. Chitin is the main component of P. brassicae spore cell walls, chitinases can enhance the plant’s defense system as they act on chitin. However, the function of chitinases in P. brassicae has not reported. Here, we found that chitin is the functional component of P. brassicae by wheat germ agglutinin staining and commercial chitinase treatment . Chitin extracted from resting spores of P. brassicae was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermo gravimetry analysis.The chitinase PbChia1 was identified by chitin pull-down assays combined with LC-MS/MS method. We also showed that PbChia1 was a typical secreted chitinase, could bind to chitin and showed chitinase activity in vitro, significantly degrade the number of resting spores of P. brassicae and significantly relieve the severity of clubroot symptom, the biocontrol effect was 61.29%. Overexpression of PbChia1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in susceptibility to P. brassicae, increase host survival rate and seed yields, and transgenic plants enhanced in chitin-triggered reactive oxygen species burst, MAPK activation and expression of immune-related genes. PbChia1 transgenic plants showed resistance to other pathogens, such as biotrophic bacteria Pst DC3000, necrotrophic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 1980 and Rhizoctonia solani. The findings indicate that chitinases PbChia1 is a candidate gene with potential application for broad spectrum disease resistance in breeding plants to prevent clubroot.

Studies across a broad range of disciplines–from psychiatry to cognitive science to behavioral neuroscience–have reported on whether the magnitude of contrast sensitivity alterations in one group or condition varies with spatial frequency. Significant interactions have often gone unexplained or have been used to argue for impairments in specific processing streams. Here, we show that interactions with spatial frequency may need to be re-evaluated if the inherent skew/heteroscedasticity was not taken into account or if refractive error could plausibly differ across groups or conditions. By re-analyzing a publicly available data set, we show that–when using raw contrast sensitivity data–schizophrenia patients exhibit an apparent contrast sensitivity impairment at low, but not high, spatial frequencies, but that when using log-transformed data or when using generalized estimating equations, this interaction reversed. The reversed interaction, but not the overall contrast sensitivity deficit, would disappear if groups were matched on visual acuity. However, matching groups in this way is probably only defensible if acuity differences arise from optical blur. These analyses reconcile seemingly discrepant findings in the literature and demonstrate that properly reporting contrast sensitivity interactions with spatial frequency requires accounting for refraction error and skew/heteroscedasticity.

A document by Douglas Sponsler. Click on the document to view its contents.

Mirror Visual Feedback (MVF)-induced illusion of hand movements produces beneficial effects in patients with chronic pain. However, neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly known. Here we hypothesized that such an MVF-induced movement illusion may exert its effects by changing the activity in midline cortical areas of the pain neural matrix. Electrical stimuli with individually fixed intensity were applied to the left hand in healthy adults to produce painful and non-painful sensations during unilateral right-hand movements with such an MVF illusion and right and bilateral hand movements without MVF. During these events, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded from 64 scalp electrodes. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) of EEG alpha rhythms (8-12 Hz) indexed the neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms inducing cortical activation. As compared to the painful sensations, the non-painful sensations were specifically characterized by (1) lower alpha ERD estimated in the cortical midline, angular gyrus, and lateral parietal regions during the experimental condition with MVF and (2) higher alpha ERD estimated in the lateral prefrontal and parietal regions during the control conditions without MVF. These core results suggest that the MVF-induced movement illusion may affect nociception and neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms reducing the activation in cortical limbic and default mode regions.

The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with iron deficiency anemia is rare and underappreciated. In this case study, a 29-year-old presented with pleuritic chest pain. She was subsequently diagnosed with PE, due to IDA, which is attributed to heavy menstrual bleeding

Basal ganglia calcifications have been linked to a wide range of causes. Mostly it is an idiopathic finding, especially in elderly. Endocrinological and neurological disorders are major causatives. Hyperthyroidism was not related to this finding. We present a case of incidental basal ganglia calcification in man with Grave's disease.

Masked polycythemia vera due to iron deficiency anemiaKoma Hotta, MD1, Ryotaro Niwa, MD21Department of General Internal Medicine, Takatsuki Hospital, Osaka, Japan2Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Takatsuki Hospital, Osaka, Japan

Due to the length of the reserve crown and roots of equine cheek teeth, especially in younger horses, their extraction (exodontia) can be a challenging procedure with the potential for many types of post-extraction complications to develop. The prevalence of post-extraction complications is greatly influenced by the exodontia technique used, with unacceptably high levels of complications with the traditional repulsion technique and conversely, low levels of complications with oral extraction performed by skilled operators. Recent objective studies on post-exodontia problems in horses have also highlighted some risk factors for the development of post-extraction problems including exodontia of rostral mandibular teeth in young horses, and exodontia of teeth with apical infections The recent recognition that some non-healing post-extraction equine alveoli suffer from a disorder very similar to dry socket in humans, may help clinicians to recognise, treat and possibly help prevent this disorder.

Manuscript Title: Atrial paced beat rocks the boat of a broad QRS tachycardia causing AVVA response. What is the mechanism?Key words: Atriofascicular pathway, BBRVT, dual AV nodal physiology

Introduction: The cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves outcome in patients with heart failure (HF). However approximately 30% of patients are non-responsive to CRT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the left ventricle (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony (MD) and scar burden assessment as predictors of CRT response. Methods: We included in the study 56 sinus rhythm patients (male 35 [62.5 %], mean age 57.0 ± 11.5 years) with ischemic or nonischemic HF, and left bundle branch block with QRS duration ≥ 150 ms who underwent CRT-D implantation. Echocardiography, full physical examination, myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile and gated blood pool single-photon emission computed tomography (gBPS) were performed at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Patients were grouped based on the response to CRT assessed by echocardiography. Results: Forty-five patients (80.3 %) were responder (RESP) and 11 (19.7 %) were non-responder (non-RESP) to CRT. RESP patients had higher LV anterior wall standard deviation (LV AW_SD) (p=0.0001) and lower summed rest score (SRS) (p=0.018) than non-RESP subjects. In multivariate logistic regression, LV AW_SD (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.5275; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1472-2.0340; p=0.0037), SRS (OR 0.7299; 95% CI 0.5627-0.9469; p=0.0178) and HF non-ischemic etiology (OR 20.1425; 95% CI 1.2719-318.9961; p=0.0331) were independent predictors of CRT response. Conclusion: Ventricle dyssynchrony and scar burden assessed by cardiac gBPS and MPI are associated with response to CRT. Further investigations of their predictive significance are warranted.

Objects Recently, the involvement of basophils and IgE-type autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been elucidated using mouse models; however, few studies have been conducted in humans. In this study, the role of basophils and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) IgE in SLE was examined using human samples. Methods The correlation between disease activity and serum levels of anti-dsDNA IgE in SLE was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokines produced by IgE-stimulated basophils from healthy subjects were assessed using RNA sequences. The interaction of basophils and B cells to promote B cell differentiation was investigated using a co-culture system. The ability of basophils from patients with SLE with anti-dsDNA IgE to create cytokines promoting B cell differentiation in response to dsDNA was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Anti-dsDNA IgE levels in the serum of patients with SLE correlated with disease activity. Healthy donor basophils produced IL-3, IL-4, and TGF-β1 after anti-IgE stimulation. Co-culture of B cells with anti-IgE-stimulated basophils increased plasmablasts which were cancelled by neutralizing IL-4. After encountering the antigen, basophils released IL-4 more quickly than follicular helper T cells. Basophils isolated from patients with anti-dsDNA IgE promoted IL-4 expression by adding dsDNA. Conclusions These results suggest that basophils contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE by promoting B cell differentiation via dsDNA-specific IgE in patients similar to the process described in mouse models.

Title: Ecogeographic drivers of the spatial spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Europe and North America, 2016-2022Authors: Jonathon D. Gass, Jr.1,2, Nichola J. Hill3, Elena N. Naumova4, Felicia B. Nutter1, Jonathan A. Runstadler11 Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA2 Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA3 Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA, USA4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USACorresponding author email: Jonathon.gass@tufts.eduSummary H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4. have caused outbreaks in Europe since 2016, and most recently these viruses were introduced to North America via avian migratory transport in December 2021. We sought to analyze the spatiotemporal extent of these viruses within the two continent outbreak system, and to characterize predictors of virus spread between geographic regions through a Bayesian phylodynamic generalized linear model (phylodynamic-GLM). Findings from this study reveal for the first time the geographic extent and directionality of the H5Nx HPAI virus outbreak system in Europe and North America during 2016-2022. Data demonstrate localized epidemics of H5Nx throughout Europe in the first several years of the epizootic, followed by a singular branching point where H5N1 viruses were introduced to North America via wild migratory birds, likely via stopover locations in the North Atlantic. Once in the US, H5Nx HPAI viruses spread at a greater rate between US-based regions along migratory flyways, and no evidence points to spread back to any European region. Our GLM demonstrated that geographic proximity is a predictor of virus spread between regions, which implies that inter-continental transport across the Atlantic is relatively rare and may require northward virus movement that coincides with spring migration of susceptible avian species to regions in the North Atlantic, possibly Iceland and Greenland. Finally, mean change in precipitation at destinations of viral transitions along phylogenetic branches was predicted to reduce H5Nx HPAI virus spread, which may reflect the effect of climate change on declines in host species abundance or changes in migratory patterns as a result of ecological alterations. Our data provide new knowledge about the spread and directionality of H5Nx HPAI virus dispersal in Europe and North America during an actively evolving outbreak, including predictors of virus movement between regions, which will contribute to surveillance and mitigation strategies as the outbreak unfolds, and in future instances of uncontained avian spread of HPAI viruses.Keywords: Influenza A virus, North Atlantic, wild birds, phylodynamic-GLM, outbreak, spatial spread

The current practice of treating cancer is a one-size-fits-all approach, in which patients with the same type and stage of cancer receive the same treatment. This approach is ineffective 75% of the time. With microRNA (miRNA) having been identified as a key biomarker of cancer, precision therapeutics based on miRNA should provide the highest specificity and sensitivity by virtue of their cancer-specific expression and stability. However, identifying particular miRNAs that play a key role in driving cancer remains a challenge, as the expression of some types of miRNAs is found to be significantly different between normal tissues and tumor tissues. The focus of this research is to create a pan-cancer solution using machine learning to identify key miRNAs as biomarkers of cancer, and predict drug combinations based on miRNA. Data from 23 cancer types from The Cancer Genome was used. Top miRNAs were identified as key biomarkers using ExtraTreesClassifier, and were validated through functional enrichment analysis and survival analysis. Three different models were implemented using Multi-label ML algorithms: K-NearestNeighbors, AdaBoostClassifier, and OneVsRestClassifier, with OneVsRestClassifier yielding the highest accuracy. The final model was tuned using cross validation and a novel Median Scoring Method, based on F1 Score, Jaccard Score, and Accuracy Score. The resulting solution overcomes the challenges of monotherapy and allows oncologists to prescribe anti-cancer drug combinations with high accuracy based on patients' miRNAs, yielding higher survivability.