Objective: To develop and validate a cohesive measure that can guide the doctor, psychologist and patient in identifying potential psychological problems that gynaecology and obstetrics patients suffer. Design: Top-down survey Setting: The study was conducted on gynaecology and obstetrics patients treating various gynaecological concerns at a local maternity hospital. Sample: OGDMS sample consisted of 211 gynaecology and obstetrics patients between 18 and 60 years old. Method: Top-down survey followed by an interview. Main outcome measures: OGDMS for use as an identification tool paired with psychotherapy to understand psychological distress in women. Results: The OGDMS was found to have good internal consistency and good criterion validity. Conclusion: The OGDMS proved beneficial in identifying underlying mental health concerns in women with gynaecological problems and serves as a preliminary intervention in providing proper mental health care to this population. Keywords: Obstetrics, gynaecology, distress, tool, psychology.

Intussusception is a surgical emergency. If not immediately treated, it can lead to bowel wall perforation. In 2.2-15% of cases, they have pathologic lead points such as Intestinal duplication. This case report presents a rare tubular ileal duplication as a necrotic Ileoileal intussusception in a 4-year-old girl.

The Boussinesq equations with partial or fractional dissipation not only naturally generalize the classical Boussinesq equations, but also are physically relevant and mathematically important. Unfortunately, it is not often well understood for many ranges of fractional powers. This paper focuses on a system of the 3D Boussinesq equations with fractional horizontal ( − ∆ h ) α u and ( − ∆ h ) β θ dissipation and proves that if an initial data ( u 0 , θ 0 ) in the Sobolev space H 3 ( R 3 ) close enough to the hydrostatic balance state, respectively, the equations with α , β ∈ ( 1 2 , 1 ] then always lead to a steady solution.

Putting a mechanical structure under repeated cyclic loading can lead to fatigue crack initiation and propagation in materials. In engineering processes, a fatigue crack evolution behavior can be very complicated when the structure is in a complex environment. It has been shown that internal friction is one of the most important factors for the fatigue behavior of materials. However, there is still a lack of studies on how to predict the influences of internal friction on fatigue crack evolution. In this work, we show that the phase field model provides an elegant solution for structures under different loading frequencies and temperatures. Although the phase field fatigue model has been studied for years for mechanical loading situations, the question of how to include thermal fatigue effect remains open. In this work, we add thermal stresses to the phase field model as the second fatigue driving force. It is shown that the model is able to predict thermal fatigue behavior.

Introduction: In the United States the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on atrial fibrillation (AF) related mortality has not been described. Methods: AF related mortality data were extracted for the years 2018-2020 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database. We compared main causes of AF related mortality and age adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) among different subgroups in the years 2018-2019 vs 2020 to reveal patterns of increased mortality. Results: Compared to 2018-2019, we observed a 18% increase in AF related age adjusted mortality in 2020 (52.2 vs 44.25 per 100,000 vs population). In 2020, COVID-19 was the third most common main cause of death among people with AF (8% of deaths, AAMR of 4.9 per 100,000). Examination of the relative increase in AF related mortality among different subgroups revealed a more prominent increase among males (21% increase vs 14.5% among females) those younger than 65 years old (30% increase, vs. 16% among those younger than 65 years old), and among racial and ethnic minorities. Conclusion: There was a sharp rise in AF related mortality during the first pandemic year. Males, those from younger age groups, and ethnic minority groups showed the largest increases in mortality. Targeted health policies could help address the disparities observed in this analysis.

Cell transplants in therapeutic studies are not preserving their long term functional inside the donor body. In mesenchymal stem cells transplants, transplanted cells disperse through body and easily degraded by immune cells after transplant process. Various strategies such as usage of the immunosuppressive drug to eliminate allograft rejection are designed to increase efficiency of the cell therapy. The other hand strategy is the construction of biomimetic encapsulates via using polymeric materials which preserve of stem cells from environmental effect. In this study, we hypothesize that L929 cell lines and mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) might continue their viability and functionality inside the alginate microbeads during the 12 days of in vitro conditions. For that purpose, uniform, and injectable size (<200 µm) of cell-loaded microbeads were constructed by electrostatically assisted spraying techniques. Our results showed that both L929 and MSCs cell lines continue their metabolic activity inside the microbeads and cells during the incubation periods. Glucose consumption and lactic acid production level of both groups of the cell lines were consistently observed. Released cell number at day 12 was increased compared to day 0. Protein expression of both groups of the cells was increased day by day with doubling of the cell number. In this work, we illustrate that mesenchymal stem cells and L929 cells might be used in 3D cell culture models.

Abstract Dopamine agonists are a key tool in the therapeutic arsenal of endocrinologists worldwide. They exert their effects by binding to dopamine 2 (D2) receptors expressed by pituitary tumor cells, to modulate hormonal secretion and tumor size. They are the established first-line treatment for prolactinomas which express high levels of D2 receptors. Growing data supports their use as an adjuvant treatment option for other pituitary tumors including growth hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormones, thyroid hormone secreting adenomas and non-functional pituitary tumors, all of which have been shown to express D2 receptors as well, albeit to varying extents. For those pituitary tumors inadequately treated by dopamine agonist alone, combined agonism of D2 and somatostatin receptors, represent a new frontier in clinical development. Here we review the development and role of dopamine agonist for the treatment of prolactinomas, the literature supporting their adjuvant use for the treatment of all other pituitary tumors, and recent progress in the development of the next generation of chimeric compounds that target D2 and other receptor subtypes highly expressed on pituitary tumor cells.

Psychiatric disorders especially depression and anxiety are exponentially increasing in post-industrial society. Antibiotic exposure may partly attributable to the development of such psychiatric disorders reported in some animal studies. However, human epidemiological studies are rare. This review study aimed to summarize and explore the associations between antibiotic exposure and psychiatric disorders in human, scrutinize the research gaps, and draw the contemplate of future research. PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, and Google scholar search engine were searched for relevant articles using the exposure keywords “antibiotic exposure” and outcome keywords “psychiatric disorder” and associated medical subheading terms (MeSH). Human epidemiological studies were retrieved irrespective of age, race, country and publications year up to April, 2022. Finally, a total of 15 articles that fulfill our inclusion criteria were selected and summarized in the present review. This review summarized all types of associations between antibiotic exposure and psychiatric disorders along with effects of potent confounders. Most of the study found positive association between antibiotic exposure and psychiatric disorder especially with depression and anxiety even after adjustment with major lifestyle and demographic factors. The associations might be depended on gender, age, antibiotic types and type of bacterial infections. The magnitude of these associations was higher for higher doses, more frequent uses and recent uses of antibiotics. Our summarized evidences indicate that antibiotic exposure might be associated with depression and anxiety in human. However, nation-wide prospective cohort using human biomonitoring of antibiotics is warranted to explore the overall scenario in future.

Background Methotrexate (MTX) remains a critical component in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), exerting its antileukemic effect through interference of the folate metabolic pathway. MTHFR is an enzyme that serves as the rate limiting step within this pathway and there has been speculation that certain MTHFR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) alter physiologic responses to MTX and affects drug toxicity. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients treated at our institution to assess correlation between different MTHFR genotypes and MTX induced toxicities. Specifically, we examined maximum tolerated Capizzi and oral MTX doses, MTX clearance times during high dose MTX (HDMTX), and frequency of MTX-associated toxicities. Results Within our study population, 46 out of 242 patients were tested for MTHFR SNPs with 33 resulting positive for a known MTHFR polymorphism. Patients with MTHFR genotypes including those who were homozygous 677TT and compound heterozygous 677CT/1298AC demonstrated significantly decreased tolerance to oral MTX as demonstrated by decreased maximum tolerated MTX dosing relative to control and the 677TT genotype also demonstrated reduced tolerance to IV MTX (Capizzi MTX). Clinically significant MTHFR genotypes were likely to be detected in the presence of myelosuppression, but no other known MTX adverse effects demonstrated predictive ability. Lastly, no genotype was associated with increased risk of developing MTX leukoencephalopathy or thrombosis with any SNP. Conclusions MTHFR genotypes including homozygous 677TT and compound heterozygous 677CT/1298AC are associated with decreased tolerance to both Capizzi and oral MTX, manifested by increased myelosuppression.

Restoring riparian shade helps maintain healthy stream ecosystems and computer models are helpful in guiding restoration. The effects of meandering and orientation on shade to direct and diffuse lighting was investigated using a simplified model of riparian vegetation. Previous studies have shown that straight streams oriented east-west (EW) experience higher lighting than those oriented north-south (NS). Meandering decreased reach-averaged direct lighting in EW valley streams but increased lighting in NS valley streams. When meander amplitude equalled 50% of meander wavelength, lighting of streams in EW and NS-aligned valleys was similar. Meandering and valley orientation had little effect on diffuse lighting. In EW valleys lighting was highest at stream bends and a strategy to reduce lighting quickly would be to prioritise planting of tall vegetation on bends. In NS valleys lighting was lowest at bends, suggesting the opposite planting strategy. Shade exceeding 70%, a criterion for preventing nuisance aquatic plant growths and stressfully high water temperatures, occurs in ‘typical’ meandering streams on cloudless, mid-summer days at mid-latitudes once H/ W exceeds about 2. The model over-simplifies riparian vegetation and the effects of canopy shape and overhang merit further investigation.

The traditional optimal allocation of water resources cannot reflect the specific water distribution of a water consumption unit. To resolve the issue, an improved model for the optimal allocation of water resources was developed in combination with the existing gridding concept and remote sensing technologies to minimize water scarcity and maximize economic benefit. This model incorporates the water supply scopes and water users of the water sources in a region in the form of cells, using multiple water resources, objectives, and users in the region as the base points. Further, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was employed to solve this model. The results reveal as follows: First, the northeast, west, and southeast areas of Guantao County have the lowest water demands, while the east lower-middle half has the greatest. Second, it is estimated that in the years of the plan (P = 50%), the county’s total water demand will be 118,871,900 m 3, which can be met by the total available water supply (125,281,800 m 3); the economic benefit will reach 4,086,500 Yuan in the target year of the plan. Third, the region refined water resources optimizing the allocation is favorable to lowering groundwater exploitation, coping with the water resources deficit, and promoting the rational allocation and management of water resources.

A document by Sophia Simon. Click on the document to view its contents.

The aim of this paper is to investigate relation between PC matrices and G-orthogonal matrices. For this purpose, first of all, we define G- orthogonal and G-skew-symmetric matrices according to geometric calculus. Then, we give a relation between G-orthogonal matrices and PC matrices using the useful diagram constructed by Cayley formula in real mean. Finally we define G-Cayley formula according to G-calculus and we verify our theory with some examples.

Background: Little is known about the ontogeny of T cell immunity during infancy in farming and urban lifestyle due to lack of immunophenotyping in such birth cohorts. Methods: Our study includes two birth cohorts (farming and urban) at differing risks and rates of allergic diseases. In this study, blood mononuclear cells were collected from infants at birth, and 6 and 12 months of age. We used full spectrum flow cytometry followed by traditional gating and the Scalable Weighted Iterative Flow-clustering Technique (SWIFT) high dimensional analysis to identify cell populations that differed between farming and urban infants. Additionally, we utilized RNAseq and Luminex to assess the function of the cell population of interest. Results: We identified several regulatory T cell (Treg) subpopulations elevated in farming lifestyle as well as in non-atopic infants. We also found a unique, recently activated effector memory CD25 +CD127 +CD161 - CCR4 +CRTH2 + Th2 population that is elevated at 6 months in urban infants as well as infants who developed atopic dermatitis and/or food allergy and allergic sensitization. Functional assays confirmed this population to be highly Th2-skewed, as evidenced by an increase in Th2 cytokines and upregulation of pathways linked to asthma and Th2 differentiation. Conclusion: We have discovered Treg subpopulations associated with farming lifestyle and protection against allergic disease. We also describe a unique, recently activated effector memory Th2 population elevated in urban high-risk infants that is similar to the pathogenic effector Th2A cells but is CD25 + and CD161 -, potentially representing pre-Th2A cells implicated in the development of allergic disease.

The ravine is considered as the worst manifestation of land degradation by water erosion throughout the globe. About 120.7 M ha land in India, suffers from various forms of land degradation, out of which 3.67 M ha of land is affected by ravine. The extending ravine into the nearby 50 m of buffer zone tends to deprive the farmers of their occupations forcing them to work as landless laborers for their livelihood. Ravine reclamation is a cost intensive activity, due to which it is financially not feasible to go for reclamation in the entire ravine lands, simultaneously. Therefore, there is a need to identify the potential zones of reclamation for planning of reclamation work in a phased manner. In this study, an innovative hybrid approach was used for development of ravine vulnerability index for Mahi ravine in Western India. The potential zones or active sites in the 50 m buffer zone of the delineated ravine covering an area of 63031 ha was identified for reclamation works. The spatial database was used for preparation of raster layers using Arc GIS 10.3 software. The sand, silt, clay, organic carbon, soil erodibility factor, slope, stream power index, topographic wetness index, sediment transport index and cover factor were identified as important parameter for development of ravine vulnerability index. The weights were assigned to different parameters in pairwise comparison on the scale of 1 to 10, based on the relative importance of the each parameter with respect to another in the decision matrix of analytical hierarchical process. The number of iterations were made to obtain the consistency ratio less than 10% to obtain the final priority weights of each parameter. The priority weights obtained for each layer was then assigned in the raster calculator in the Arc GIS interface. The highest weight of 28.5 was obtained for sand parameter and minimum weight of 1.4 for sediment transport index parameter. The ravine vulnerability index validated through ground truth shows that 16703 ha (26.50%) area of Mahi ravine in Western India was found be under very high priority and was identified as potential zones or active sites for reclamation. The land capability classification for reclamation of the Mahi ravine in Western India shows that 20275 ha (32.16%) area of arable land falls under Class-III followed by 18687 ha (29.65%) of non-arable land under Class-VI for suitable soil and water conservation measures.

The application of wastewater is a method used for the restoration of degraded wetlands in the Yellow River Delta (YRD). However, the sediments may become a secondary pollution source, when P is saturated in the restoration process. By means of the diffusive gradient in thin-film (DGT) technology and modified sequential fraction method, the present study investigated the phosphorus (P) storage capacity and release potential of the wetland after 9 years of restoration. The results showed that the concentration of total P (P t) ranged from 578.3 to 678.8 mg kg -1 in soils. The highest fraction of P was Dil.HCl-Pi (mean,74.1-78.7%)，whereas the lowest was NaHCO 3-Pi (mean, 0.4-1.3%). Each form of P in the soil basically decreased with depth and accumulated more in the 0-40 cm profile. The concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP) in the overlying water were higher than those in the interstitial water. The critical P concentration of the wetland sink-source conversion was 0.52 mg L -1. These results showed that each form of P showed a vertical decrease with depth in the soil column. Significant differences were observed among the average concentrations of P t as well as the P i values at each site. The concentrations of P t and P i in site A were significant higher than those in other sites. SRP showed no obvious difference in overlying water and interstitial water with seasonal changes. The P-retention capacity of the wetland was quantitatively evaluated using PSI and DPS parameters. The wetland still had sink capacity after 9 years of wastewater restoration. This research enriches theories of domestic wastewater remediation in wetlands and provides an important theoretical basis for using domestic wastewater to repair degraded wetlands in the YRD.

In humid regions, the chemical flux and cycling of elements is intimately linked to the hydrologic cycle. This insight opened in the late s. XX a worldwide avenue for the use of small watersheds as ecological units to study the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of ecosystems at the small catchment scale. The Montseny catchment research, starting in 1978, initially addressed the forest response to acid rain. But continuous recording for about 4 decades in two small catchments allowed to describe the changes in streamwater chemistry related to changes in atmospheric deposition (with particular emphasis to S, N and P deposition), to climate change and to the inputs of African dust. Further research and new hypothesis testing may take advantage of the collected data series in these long-term study sites at a Mediterranean site. This is the motivation for the publication of the quality-checked original stream and atmospheric deposition chemistry files whose links accompany this paper.

Global climate change and its consequences such as rising temperatures, hydrological cycle (variable rainfall), soil salinity due to inclusion of sea water and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, have an impact on weed species, their population dynamics, growth, reproduction and competitive ability and eventually crop productivity. Among these environmental factors, rising CO2 levels will benefit C3 plants more than C4 plants. Climate change can cause changes in the weed life cycle, community composition. Over the course of the year, some weed species go extinct while others develop into more noxious invaders and evolve genetic artefacts in response to intensifying climatic and non-climatic selection pressures. On the solution side, variations in temperature, CO2 levels and rainfall alter stomatal conductance, cuticle viscosity, transport, uptake, leaf retention duration and herbicide efficacy. Therefore, to adapt and mitigate; it is important to review how climate change can influence the crop-weed interaction.

This paper aims to document a scientific linkage between the underground testing of nuclear weapons and global warming. An empirical analysis of CO2 and fossil- fuel data post-1945 suggests that global warming is not clearly attributable to greenhouse gas emissions alone. Our data indicates beyond statistical doubt a direct linkage between the rise in CO2 levels and underground bomb testing; rendering adverse consequences like global warming, radioactive contamination of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and major disruptions to temperature patterns around the world. The derivative carbon footprint of underground nuclear testing is colossal and can bring about devastating human-induced climate changes which are not just massive but potentially irreversible.

A robust aluminum-based metal-organic framework (Al-MOF) MIL-120Al with 1D rhombic ultra-microporous was reported. The non-polar porous walls composed of para-benzene rings with a comparable pore size to the kinetic diameter of methane allow it to exhibit a novel thermodynamic-kinetic synergistic separation of CH4/N2 mixtures. The CH4 adsorption capacity was as high as 33.7 cm3/g (298 K, 1 bar), which is the highest uptake value among the Al-MOFs reported to date. The diffusion rates of CH4 were faster than N2 in this structure as confirmed by time-dependent kinetic adsorption profiles. Breakthrough experiments confirm that this MOF can completely separate the CH4/N2 mixture and the separation performance is not affected in the presence of H2O. Theoretical calculations reveal that pore centers with more energetically-favorable binding sites for CH4 than N2. The results of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) simulations indicate that MIL-120Al is a potential candidate for selective capture coal-mine methane.

In the present work, a series of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on organic amine as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs), and ethylene glycol (EG) as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were prepared for the H2S absorption. Thermal decomposition temperature, HBA mass ratios, alkalinity and structure effect on absorption behavior were systematically investigated. The reaction mechanism was demonstrated by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction equilibrium constants, Henry constant, enthalpy and entropy change were calculated based on the thermodynamic model to reveal the interactions between DESs and H2S. It is found that H2S absorption capacities of the most of DESs with HBA/HBD mass ratio of 1:4 were close to 1mol /mol at 303.15K and 0.2 bar. The absorption capacity of DESs depends on the alkalinity and structure of HBAs; Additionally, a good linear correlation between the alkalinity of HBA and the absorption equilibrium constant (lnK) of DESs to H2S was found

In this study, the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software was used to simulate the CO2 mass transfer process in laminar flow and turbulent flow in a hollow fiber membrane contactor. The established simulation model was verified by comparing the simulated value of CO2 absorption flux in a DEEA/MAPA mixed solution with the actual process value. It was found that the laminar flow model with 5% membrane wettability is in good agreement with the experimental value, with an average relative error of only 2.64%. In addition, the effects of operating parameters and membrane process optimization on the velocity field, concentration field and mass transfer process in the membrane contactor were studied taking into consideration both the diffusion effect and the convection effect. From the analysis of the simulation results, increasing the degree of fluid turbulence and the series connection of multi-stage membrane modules are both good methods to promote mass transfer.

In this study, oleogels based on safflower oil were produced from beeswax and rice bran wax at different ratios. It was aimed to produce cakes with high level of unsaturated fatty acids by using these oleogels as a shortening replacer. The characterization and oxidative stability of oleogels were investigated. Oil binding capacity (OBC), solid fat content (SFC) and crystallization time (CT) were determined in oleogels. Moisture content, pH, texture and sensory analysis were performed in the cakes. In addition, fatty acid composition, free fatty acidity, peroxide value, conjugated diene-triene and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and glycidyl analyzes were performed pre- and post-cooking in oleogels and shortening. SFC increased as gelator concentration increased. Beeswax showed the highest OBC. The shortest CT was determined in rice bran wax. No changes were observed in the fatty acid composition of safflower oil following oleogelation. The change in major fatty acids post-cooking was also not significant. Cakes made with oleogel were acceptable in terms of texture and sensory properties compared to cake produced using shortening. Sensory results showed that some cakes produced with oleogels more acceptable than control. This study revealed that oleogels produced with safflower oil-based beeswax and rice bran wax with high unsaturated fatty acid content can be used in cakes rather than commercial shortening.

Retroperitoneal unicentric Castleman's disease mimics masses of neighbor organs in imaging features. This case presented a misdiagnosed unicentric Casteman's disease as lymphatic tuberculosis for over a decade and demonstrated the importance of pathological examination for diagnosing an unexplained abdominal mass.