Since the rapid development of nanomedicine in oncotherapy, multiple nanomaterials are adopted to regulate the immune system in cancer individuals. Tumor immunotherapy enhances the immune function of patients to achieve the purpose of killing tumor cells by utilizing the organism immune mechanism. As emerging inorganic carbon nanoparticles, carbon dots (CDs) have been found as photosensitizers, vaccines, immunoadjuvants, and so on for cancer treatment due to their unique structure and property, such as effective platforms for drug delivery, immunomodulation, and phototherapy. In this review, we mainly discuss the recent application of CDs in tumor immunotherapy and the prospects of CDs in the field of immune medicine. By assessing the achievements and challenges of CDs in tumor immunotherapy, our review would provide mechanistic insights into the evolution of future nanomedicine.

E-commerce has been a major domain in our life for a decade but regional E-commerce is missing. E-commerce has utilized the great features of predictive modeling techniques in providing some improved and convincing services to the customers and supports regional business growth as well. Customers' past choices, give feedback and any other previous data can be analyzed to make predictions for future preferences by the customer and the offers on products that can be provided. In the current research, regional data on Indian products and demographic data of Indian Citizens have been collected. Algorithms have been proposed for all the modules as per involved processes since data collection, and data cleaning till similarity calculation. User-user similarity has been calculated for a new user entry and the results have been presented as well.

Acquiring the mechanical behaviour of a helical fibered cardiac scaffold propels the fabrication of a scaffold exhibiting similar properties with the native cardiac tissue. Selecting fiber-based scaffolds will contribute to mimicking the complex function performed during the muscle's expansion and contraction. In our study, we exposed fabricated electrospun samples to repeated multistep tension by applying and removing deformation in order to mimic the mechanical behaviour of helical fibered cardiac scaffolds. Since the fiber-based specimens exhibit viscoelastic behaviour, the transient responses to constant deformation caused stress relaxation and stress recovery. Nevertheless, stress softening and repeated buckling phenomena, which are viscoelastic characteristics, had an unexpected impact on the samples' behaviour, leading to inconsistent material characterization. Eliminating techniques are also explored to ensure representative results about the fabricated scaffolds' behaviour.

Nitrogenase-mediated H 2 production using heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria represents a promising approach as the process is naturally protected from O 2-rich environments by being restricted to heterocysts. This work investigates the impact of the deletion of the vegetative cell-specific flavodiiron protein, Flv3A, on the long-term H 2 photoproduction of the model heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. The H 2 photoproduction was evaluated in response to the presence and/or absence of N 2 and O 2 in the atmosphere, and in comparison to the uptake hydrogenase (Hup) deletion mutant. We demonstrate that the sole deletion of Flv3A facilitates a prolonged H 2 photoproduction catalyzed by nitrogenase even under oxic conditions. Deletion of Flv3A did not affect the nitrogenase activity, neither its efficiency to allocate electrons to H 2 production, nor the accumulation of sugars in the cells. Besides the transcriptional repression of hupL, the deletion of Flv3A promotes a higher O 2 tolerance of the nitrogenase-mediated H 2 photoproduction. Our results suggest that, in the absence of Hup, Flv3A might play a role in sustaining long-term H 2 photoproduction under nitrogen-depleted oxic conditions. The present findings expand our understanding of nitrogenase-driven H 2 production and offer a new possibility to overcome the current bottlenecks attained to photobiological H 2 production in a long-term process.

The Purpose of the Study: The objective of the study was to the process and level of digitalization of healthcare services, as well as the use of tele-medicine in healthcare settings. Materials and Methods: In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with total of 20 functional leaders who led the digitalization process in healthcare organizations via zoom application. For the data analysis, interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Findings: Findings indicated that receiving an HIMMS level 7 certificate was a goal of all public hospitals but was not the key for private healthcare organizations although their healthcare services have nearly become digitalized. The key benefits regarding the digital healthcare services included savings, efficiency, increased patient safety, reduced medical errors, and speed access to patient records, digital archiving and closed loop drug delivery system. Digital healthcare services were very valuable in every single area particularly, intensive care units. Use of telemedicine in public hospitals was limited to transferring patient data to e-pulse. However, the use of telemedicine services in private hospitals was becoming increasingly popular. Highlights: (1) The digitalization of healthcare services was a goal of all hospitals due to the benefits of technology (2) HIMMS EMRAM certification was a goal for public hospitals but not for private hospitals (3) Use of Telemedicine in public setting is limited; however, private hospitals are expanding their telemedicine services ( 4) The number of digital hospitals has been increasing in Turkiye.

Aims The differences in the clinical outcomes of rhythm and safety after catheter ablation in young and old atrial fibrillation(AF) patients remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of catheter ablation for in young and old AF patients. Methods and results The Medline and EMBASE databases were searched for published articles up to Octomber 2022. Studies that met our predefined inclusion criteria were included. The primary endpoints were freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) recurrence, safety ouctcomes including the stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion. After literature search and detailed assessment, 6 studies (9982 patients) were identified. Our analyses showed that the rate of freedom from AF/AT recurrence was higher in young than old AF patients after ablation [odds ratio (OR): 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–0.92; P -0.02]. Compared to older patients, there were similar rate of adverse outcomes including pericardial effusion /tamponade (OR=0.61, 95%CI 0.29-1.27,P=0.18), hematoma(OR=1.87, 95%CI 0.62,5.63, P=0.27) and stroke/ TIA rate(OR=0.25, 95%CI 0.05,1.41, P=0.12) . Conclusions In younger atrial fibrillation patients, there is a lower major complication rate and a comparable efficacy rate, with a greater chance of being AF free without antiarrhythmic drugs. These findings suggest that it may be appropriate to consider ablative therapy as first-line therapy in this age group.

Abstract In this study, walnut butter was produced by mixing functinal lipids with defatted walnut meal. Three kinds of functional lipids（FL）, medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), diacylglyceroe (DG), and conjugated linoleic acid glycerides (CLA), were used to make functional lipids walnut butter(FLWB) and their physical properties as well as microscopic morphology were compared with commercial walnut butters. The FLWBs were prepared by grinding FL and defatted walnut meal through the ball milling technique. The mixing ratios of FL and defatted walnut meal were 6:4, 6.5:3.5, 7:3. It was found that the fluidity of FLWB was increased with the addition amount of FL, but the particle size of FLWB was decreased with the addition amount of DG or CLA. As the additions of DG and CLA increased from 60% to 70%, the D (4,3) of DG-WB and CLA-WB decreased by 36.23% and 20.88%; the flowability index increased by 15.74% and 168.91%. As the addition of MCT increased from 60% to 70%, there was no significant difference in D (4,3) of MCT-WB, but the flowability index increased by 717.34%. Microrheological properties indicated that both FLWB and commercial walnut butter exhibited viscoelastic characteristics. The rheology showed that the FLWB was non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids, which was similar to the commercial walnut butter. The DG-WB and CLA-WB were closer to the commercial walnut butter, compared with MCT walnut butter. The microstructure further indicated that the walnut butter with 65% CLA addition was closer to the commercial walnut butter.

The soil contact model (SCM) is widely used in practice for off-road wheeled vehicle mobility studies when simulation speed is important and highly accurate results are not a main concern. In practice, the SCM parameters are obtained via a bevameter test, which requires a complex apparatus and experimental procedure. Here, we advance the idea of running a virtual bevameter test using a high-fidelity terramechanics simulation. The latter employs the “continuous representation model” (CRM), which regards the deformable terrain as an elasto-plastic continuum that is spatially discretized using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The approach embraced is as follows: a virtual bevameter test is run in simulation using CRM terrain to generate “ground truth” data; in a Bayesian framework, this data is subsequently used to calibrate the SCM terrain. We show that (i) the resulting SCM terrain, while leading to fast terramechanics simulations, serves as a good proxy for the more complex CRM terrain; and (ii) the SCM-over-CRM simulation speedup is roughly one order of magnitude. These conclusions are reached in conjunction with two tests: a single wheel test, and a full rover simulation. The SCM and CRM simulations are run in an open-source software called Chrono. The calibration is performed using PyMC, which is a Python package that interactively communicates with Chrono to calibrate SCM. The models and scripts used in this contribution are available as open source for unfettered use and distribution in a public repository.

A document by Dr. Carolina Diamandis. Click on the document to view its contents.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of left atrial (LA) volume and strain by 4D auto left atrial quantification (LAQ) for differentiating pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH), and compare the discriminative ability with echocardiographic pulmonary to left atrial global strain ratio (ePLAGS). Methods A total of ninety-eight subjects screened for intermediate to high probability of PH were prospectively enrolled in this study. Clinical history and laboratory data of all the patients were collected. All the patients underwent comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography and then LA volume and strain were measured by dedicated commercial software specially designed for LA 4D analysis. Results According to pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, the participants were divided into two groups: pre-capillary PH Group (n=39, age 53±24 year) and post-capillary PH Group (n=59, age 57 ± 18 year). LAVImax, LAVImin and LAVIpreA significantly increased, while LASr and LAScd obviously decreased in post-capillary PH group when comparing with pre-capillary PH group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed LAVImax (OR: 1.40; 95% CI, 1.05–1.87; P = 0.021) and LAScd (OR: 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18–2.49; P = 0.004) were powerful independent predictors for detecting post-capillary PH. The ROC analysis indicated that LAVImax (AUC=0.82, p < 0.001) and LAScd (AUC=0.78, p <0.001) had high discriminating power for predicting post-capillary PH groups, and their cutoff values were 35.69ml/m2 (sensitivity 86%, specificity 74%) and -9% (sensitivity 80%, specificity70%). Conclusions LAVImax and LAScd measured by 4D auto LAQ were powerful parameters for distinguishing pre-capillary PH from post-capillary PH.

A prospective study involved a total of 361 HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiated and followed at the CTA from January to December 2019, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy by monitoring the evolution of TCD4 lymphocytes, plasma viral load. The mean age was 37±12 years. Men were in the majority (62.3%) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.65. The first-line (ART) protocol combining 2INTIs + 1INNTI concerned 97.8% of patients. The immunological efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by comparing the initial and final CD4 counts (after 6 months of ART), for the first CD4 count, at the beginning of the treatment, 48.5% of patients had a CD4 count higher than 200 cells/µl against 51.5% who had a count lower than 200 cells/µl. But at the second evaluation six months later, 54.5% had CD4 >200 cells/µl against 45.5% of the patients who had their CD4 rate<200 cells/µl. As for the relationship between the immunological and virological status of the patients, the distribution of HIV patients in our series according to CD4 count and viral load was not significant but allowed us to establish the correlation between these two parameters with a correlation coefficient between -1 and 1. Thus, this correlation coefficient sought after six months of antiretroviral treatment is -0.04. From the analysis of the data, it appears that the antiretroviral drugs are effective in the population studied. The CD4 cell count and viral load changed in the opposite direction during treatment. The use of the correlation coefficient makes it possible to follow the effectiveness of the antiretroviral therapy.

1. A survey on the recent COVID-19 epidemic in China was conducted. 2. The epidemic likely made over 85% of people in China sick in December 2022. 3. The epidemic likely ended in early January 2023. 4. The epidemic had the features of spreading more rapidly and widely and having a higher symptomatic rate than previously thought. 5. The above features could lead to many severe cases and deaths due to the shortages of medical resources. 6. The above features greatly enhanced the population immunity in China, which will accelerate the end of the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce the emergence of risky variants of SARS-CoV-2 in China.

Introduction: Development of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is associated with adverse clinical outcome in patients doing coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG). Right ventricular-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling which describes the relationship between the RV systolic function and its afterload has been recently introduced as a prognostic parameter in multiple patient groups. In this study we evaluated the prognostic role of TAPSE/PASP ratio as a surrogate for RV-PA coupling in patients undergoing CABG. Methods: RV-PA coupling was assessed using the TASPE/PASP ratio. Echocardiography was done within 48 hours pre-operative and within 72 hours post-operative. The primary endpoint included postoperative RVD and rehospitalization within 3 months. Results: Among 100 patient doing CABG, the mean age was 59 years with predominant male gender. About 2 thirds of the patients were hypertensive and more than half of them were diabetic. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 62% and mean RV fractional area change (FAC) was 50% with mean TAPSE 19 mm and mean TAPSE/PASP of 0.62. Post-operative RVD developed in 35% of the patients and re-hospitalization for cardiac reasons occurred in 11%. The independent predictors of development of post-operative RVD were lower TAPSE/PASP ratio, presence of diabetes mellitus and higher levels of total Cholesterol (P-value: 0.03, 0.0001, 0.0001 respectively). The independent predictors of re-hospitalization were higher triglyceride levels and lower TAPSE/PASP Ratio (P-value: 0.02 and 0.002 respectively). Conclusion: TAPSE/PASP ratio as a surrogate for RV-PA coupling is a non-invasive simple bedside tool that can be used to predict adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass grafting.

Terrestrial life forms rely on productive soils to provide a medium for plant growth and meet most of their nutrition needs. The aim of this study was to determine the variation in soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS), micro-arthropod communities, and physicochemical properties under different crop cover in Oshikhandas valley, Karakoram Range, Pakistan. Soil samples were collected from three depths under three different crop cover types, i.e., alfalfa, wheat and potato. Standard methods were used to analyze selected soil quality parameters and SOC. Berlese-Tullgren funnel method was used for the extraction of soil microarthropods. ANOVA results showed that physicochemical parameters were non-significantly variable between different crops. At different soil depths, bulk density (BD), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and SOCS were highly significantly (p<0.001) different, while moisture and electrical conductivity (EC) were non-significant. The highest value of SOCS was found under alfalfa (16.2Mg/ha) followed by potato (14.4Mg/ha), while it was lowest in wheat (12.2Mg/ha). Overall soil texture was silty clay loam and the soil was alkaline (pH 8.2). A total of 260 micro-arthropods were extracted and soil biological quality index (QBS-ar) was calculated. The predominant species were mites (61%) and Coleoptera (11%). The mean QBS index was highest in wheat (61.33) followed by alfalfa (55.66), and lowest in potato (43.66). The soil quality of the study area belonged to class 5 for wheat and 4 for Alfalfa and potato, which indicated good soil quality class. The highest population of micro-arthropod communities was seen in alfalfa (38%), followed by wheat (36%) and lowest in potato (26%). According to the results of the study, alfalfa is a good crop for improving soil biological health and acting as a carbon sink, so farmers should be encouraged to grow it for the long-term management of mountain agro-ecosystems.

A high stocking rate can intensify wind erosion in grasslands, and strong wind can carry away soil surface particles and their nutrients, which leads to soil barrenness. In this research, the dust flux, total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and fluxes of aeolian sediment were computed in the non-growing season (mid-October to mid-April of the following year) and growing season (mid-April to mid-October) from 2018 to 2020 at a long-term grazing gradient experiment platform and wind-erosion monitoring experiment in a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. The results were as follows, 1) with the increasing of stocking rate, the fluxes of aeolian sediment at 10 cm (H10), 30 cm (H30), and 100 cm (H100) were greatly increased ( P<0.05). Aeolian sediment fluxes followed the order control (CK) < light stocking rate (LG) < moderate stocking rate (MG) < heavy stocking rate (HG). 2) TC and TN contents of aeolian sediment reflected stocking rates and followed the order CK>LG>MG>HG, and also reflected aeolian sediment collection height, as H10P>0.05). TC and TN contents in HG at different heights reduced by 31.1% and 25.9% on average in comparison to the CK in the non-growing season, and by 30.1% and 25.0% in the growing season. TC loss was higher than TN loss. Overall, as stocking rate increased, wind erosion increased, leading to the loss of soil nutrients and significant loss of the carbon pool in this desert steppe.

How I do it: Utilization of the remnant umbilical vein for restoration of embryological liver vascular supply following iatrogenic embolization of the bilateral portal vein branchesSara Shahrestani, PhD1,2, Emily Mason MBBS1, Jayani Jayasekara MBBS 1, Tamara Gall MRCS 1,3., Pram Sirimana PhD1., Jaswinder Samra PhD1,21 Department of Upper GI Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia2Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia3Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UKCorresponding Author :Sara ShahrestaniSara.shahrestani@sydney.edu.auDepartment of Upper GI SurgeryRoyal North Shore HospitalSydney, NSW, AustraliaKey Words: Portal vein embolization; liver resection; umbilical vein; embryology

Obesity often increases the risk of cancer and worsens the prognosis. Unlike most types of cancer, several studies concluded that obesity had an inverse influence on LUAD survival. Increasing evidence showed that obesity-related and adipocyte-derived lncRNAs were associated with cancer initiation, progression, drug resistance, and the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer. In the present study, we identified two BMI-associated lncRNAs (LINC01500 and lnc-MAFB-1) that could potentially regulate tumor progression in LUAD. Both lncRNAs downregulated significantly in the obese lung. The increased expression level of LINC01500 could be observed in LUAD tumors and predict poorer survival. In addition, through estimation from bulk RNA-seq and profiling in single-cell sequencing, we found that the expressions of both BMI-associated lncRNAs were associated with macrophages. The downregulation of BMI-associated lncRNAs could create a less immunosuppressive microenvironment, leading to a more efficient response toward immunotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate BMI-associated lncRNAs in lung. We believe our findings can expand the understanding of obesity and the immune microenvironment in lung cancer.

The transition zone between the upper forest boundary and the tree-less alpine vegetation (i.e., the treeline ecotone) is expected to shift upwards in elevation with global warming. Multiple factors in addition to climate are influencing tree establishment, but it is uncertain to what degree. In this study, we took advantage of a unique dataset with field measurements of mountain birch trees acquired from 32 boreal-alpine treeline ecotone sites situated along an 1,100 km latitudinal transect in Norway to investigate the role of climate, herbivory, topography, and vegetation on the establishment success of trees. To represent tree establishment, we recorded the occurrence, survival, and growth of short juvenile trees (stem height ≤1 m) at each site in 2008, 2012, and 2018. In addition to using already available datasets on climate and herbivory at each site, we used airborne laser scanning (ALS) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveyed imagery together with field measurements to compute topography and vegetation predictor variables. We used GLMM-LASSO regression to quantify the role of the predictor variables on the three responses. We found that short juvenile trees do not necessarily occur, survive, and grow within the same conditions. In general, short juvenile tree establishment decreased with an increase in herbivore livestock density. Winter precipitation and the two vegetation types tree-covered area and lee side were also important for tree establishment, but if the relationships were positive or negative differed between tree occurrence, survival, and growth. Our results suggest that treeline ecotones will shift towards higher elevations in areas with little or no livestock herbivory and close to already established trees and in lee sides. In areas with less winter precipitation, the treeline ecotones may be more stable.

Soil erosion and the consequent reduction in crop productivity pose a critical challenge to enhance well-being and ensure food security of rural people. As such, soil conservation practices have a paramount importance to address crop productivity problems and restore the degraded lands. This study explores the factors that affect farm households' decisions to the intensity of adoption of soil conservation structures based on cross sectional data collected from 840 randomly selected farm households in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. The study finds that households with larger asset holdings tend to intensify the use of soil conservation structures. Likewise, croplands that are operated by households who participated in labor sharing and training activities are treated with significantly denser conservation structures. Moreover, farmers who have feeling of long-term tenure security are more likely to invest in costly and durable conservation structure such as stone bund. It further affirms that farmers are more likely to intensify soil conservation structures if their holdings are located at relatively steeper slope, are relatively more fertile, and are closer to their residence. The results underscore the need for a policy aimed at enhancing the capacity of farmers in terms of material wealth and knowledge to enable them allocate significant portion of their labor force for soil conservation on croplands.

Background: The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3 (STEAP3) plays an essential role in iron uptake as an iron reductase. Previous studies found that STEAP3 may play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. However, a comprehensive pan‐cancer analysis of the prognosis and immunity of STEAP3 has not yet been reported. Methods: We performed a systematic analysis of the prognosis and immunity of STEAP3 in human pan-cancer. The data analysis and visualization were completed with R and Cytoscape. STEAP3 expression in cell lines and tissues was measured in multiple ways. Functional validation experiments were performed by shRNA knockdown inA498 and 786-O cell lines. Cell proliferation and invasive ability was detected by CCK-8 assay, transwell assay and wound healing assay. Results: In most tumor tissues, STEAP3 expression was remarkably upregulated and correlated with prognosis, particularly in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Furthermore, STEAP3 expression was closely correlated with immune infiltrates and may induce recruitment and polarization of M2 macrophages in ccRCC. STEAP3 may be valuable for predicting responses to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. In addition, enrichment analysis results indicated that STEAP3 was positively related to immune-related pathways, P53 pathways and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, we demonstrated that STEAP3 was highly expressed in ccRCC tissues and might stimulate EMT via the downregulation of CDH1 in vitro in ccRCC. Conclusion: STEAP3 might function as a prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy response predictor in various cancers. Especially in ccRCC, STEAP3 is a new prognostic biomarker and exerts tumor-promoting function via stimulating the invasion and EMT and inducing recruitment and polarization of M2 macrophages.

Introduction: Determining genetic contribution to development of complicated community-acquired pneumonia in children may help understand underlying pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the association between two vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, FokI and TaqI, and susceptibility to complicated pneumonia in Egyptian children compared to uncomplicated pneumonia, also associations with 25 hydroxy-vitamin D serum level were studied. Methods: This was a case-control study that included 320 participants divided into 2 groups: patients and controls. The patients’ group included 100 children hospitalized with complicated pneumonia and 100 with uncomplicated pneumonia. 120 age and sex-matched apparently healthy children served as controls. The VDR FokI and TaqI polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. 25 hydroxy-vitamin D level was estimated in serum using ELISA. Results: Regarding FokI, Homogenous FF genotype was more common in complicated (52%) and uncomplicated pneumonia (28%) than controls (10%) (OR=65; 95%CI (5.13-822.63), p<0.001) and (OR=4.3; 95%CI (0.7-27.16), p=0.003), respectively. Children carrying F allele possessed 3 higher odds for complicated than uncomplicated pneumonia (OR=3.08; 95%CI (1.33-7.14), p<0.001). Heterogenous Ff genotype increased susceptibility to complicated pneumonia (OR=13.7; 95%CI (4.6-40.1), p<0.001), not uncomplicated pneumonia (OR=1.56; 95%CI (0.86-2.85), p=0.145). Among complicated pneumonia, vitamin D level was lower in FF (6.92±2.6ng/ml) than Ff (9.55±3.2 ng/ml) and ff genotype carriers (13.13±3.6ng/ml) (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between patients and controls as regards TaqI genotypes and alleles. Conclusion: In association with vitamin D deficiency, VDR gene FokI polymorphism, not TaqI, is a genetic risk factor for complicated pneumonia in Egyptian children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of the Tabby cat hard palate by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to gross and morphometric analysis. A total of 20 Tabby cat heads used. The materials was provided from the Balıkesir Metropolitan Municipality Street Animals Temporary Nursing Home and Rehabilitation Center, Balıkesir, Turkey. Adult, regardless of gender difference, died from variety of reasons and 20 Tabby cat cadavers which weigh approximately 3-4 kilograms were brought to the laboratory in accordance with the procedure. Hard palates were subjected to gross examination, morphometric analysis, light and scanning electron microscopy. The tabby cats hard palate was split up rostral and caudal parts and incisive papilla (papilla incisiva), rugae palatina (palatine rugae) and with gutter between them, the presence of palatine raphe (raphe palatina) and secondary (palatine rugae) rugae palatina were observed. The rostral and caudal parts of hard palate were determined to have a smooth appearance with SEMx540 50 μm magnification and the presence of epithelial desquamations was found.out. It was determined that rostral and caudal part of the tabby cat’s hard palate had a honeycomb appearance of the microplicae of the x6000 5 μm magnification hard palate epithelium with SEM. Round islets were detected with the SEM at the magnification of x600 50μm of the incisive papilla, the x270 100 μm of the rostral-caudal parts, and the x440 50 μm of the gutter between the palatine rugae. These adaptations of the Tabby cat’s hard palate might increase its efficiency during ingestion and mastication of hard food and in directing the food backwards. The study shows the detailed anatomical description of the hard palate of the Tabby cat with light and scanning electron microscopy.

Background: Allergy health problems worldwide are mainly caused by allergens from domestic cats ( Felis catus). Fel d 1 is a major allergen that causes severe allergic reactions in humans, including rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and life-threatening asthma.out cats. Fel d 1 level in CH2 knockout cats was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytoplasm injection clone technology (CICT) was used to clone the CH2 knockout cat. Results: We report the first successful generation and cloning of CH2 knockout cats using the CRISPR-Cas9 system and CICT. CH2 knockout cats were confirmed using T7E1 and Sanger sequencing. Cloned CH2 knockout cat was verified by microsatellite analysis. Remarkably, ELISA proved that Fel d 1 level of CH2 knockout cats was extremely low compared with that of wild type domestic cats. Conclusion: CH2 knockout cats we generated showed an extremely low level of Fel d 1 and could be hypoallergenic cats. Our study indicates that creating hypoallergenic cats using the CRISPR-Cas9 system is a significant step forward in the consequence that these cats can safely approach allergic patients.

In this paper we study the smoothness properties of solutions to a one-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system equations that describes some physical phenomena such as propagation of polarized laser beams in birefringent Kerr medium in nonlinear optics. We show that the equations dispersive nature leads to a gain in regularity for the solution. In particular, if the initial data ( u 0 , v 0 ) possesses certain regularity and sufficient decay as | x|→∞ , then the solution ( u( t) , v( t)) will be smoother than ( u 0 , v 0 ) for 0 ≤ T where T is the existence time of the solution.