Background and Purpose:  Macrophages are central immune characters in hepatic fibrosis by reconstructing the fibrotic immune microenvironment. Picroside II (PIC II) has exerted a therapeutic potential on liver injury. However, the mechanisms by which macrophage initiates immune cascades and further contributes to liver fibrosis and whether this process can be influenced by PIC II remains unclear. Experimental Approach: In this research, the RNA sequencing of multidrug-resistance protein 2 knockout (Mdr2-/-) mice was applied. Then aHSCs were incubated with the medium from M1 macrophages and NK cells, with the extra formation of neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) being tested. In addition, we intraperitoneal injected PIC II and then intravenously injected the clodronate liposome to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PIC II and macrophage deletion in Mdr2-/- mice. Key Results: We observed the increase of CXCL16+ M1 macrophages in Mdr2-/- liver, accompanied by the recruitment of CXCR6+ NK cells and NETs formation. PIC II promoted the CXCL16+ macrophage recruited NK cells via CXCL16/CXCR6 axis, which subsequently affecting the JAK1/STAT1 signaling in aHSCs. And fibrotic liver was relieved to some extent when PIC II combined with macrophage depletion. Conclusion and Implications: Mechanistically, PIC II activated M1 macrophage to recruit NK cells via CXCL16-CXCR6 axis and subsequently regulated the JAK1/STAT1 signaling to restrain aHSCs. PIC II also alleviated fibrosis by attenuating the formation of NETs. Notably, these PIC II-associated hepatoprotective effects were largely reversed by macrophage depletion in Mdr2-/- mice. Collectively, our research suggests that PIC II is potential for halting the liver fibrosis.

Congenital Lobar Emphysema: A diagnostic dilemma with co-existent Congenital Heart DefectsShort running title: Congenital Lobar Emphysema with Congenital Heart Defect

With the increasing penetration of wind power, wind turbine is required to have fault ride through capability during grid fault. To improve the direct current (DC) voltage suppression effect of traditional high voltage ride through (HVRT) control scheme with regard to chopper resistance, this paper proposes an HVRT control strategy based on dynamic chopper resistance calculation method considering surplus active power, DC voltage limit and reactive current. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can suppress the DC voltage increment more effectively and avoid the trip-off accident of wind turbines by dynamically adjusting the chopper resistance for the duration of high-voltage fault.

Trophic specialization plays a major role in ecological speciation. Multiple adaptive radiations among cyprinid fish of the genus Labeobarbus were recently discovered in riverine environments of the Ethiopian Highlands, East Africa. These radiations contain parallel diversifications of trophic morphology, including thick-lipped or ‘rubberlip’ phenotype, whose trophic function remains largely unexplored. To test the adaptive value of thickened lips, to identify the ecological niche of the thick-lipped ecomorphs, and to test of these ecomorphs are the products of speciation we studied six sympatric pairs of ecomorphs with hypertrophied lips and the normal lip structure from different riverine basins. Trophic morphology, diet, stable isotope (15N and 13C) signatures as well as mtDNA markers and genome-wide SNP variation were analyzed. Our results show that thick-lipped ecomorphs partition trophic resources with generalized ecomorphs in only one half of the examined sympatric pairs despite the pronounced divergence in lip structure. In these thick-lipped ecomorphs that were trophically diverged, the data on their diet along with the elevated 15N values suggest an insectivorous specialization different from the basal omnivorous-detritivouros feeding mode of generalized ecomorphs. Genetic data confirmed an independent and parallel origin of all six lipped ecomorphs. Yet, only one of those six thick-lipped ecomorphs had a notable genetic divergence with sympatric non-lipped ecomorphs based on nuclear SNPs data (FST = 0.21). Sympatric pairs can be sorted by combinations of phenotypic, ecological, and genetic divergence within the speciation continuum from an ecologically non-functional mouth polymorphism via ecologically functional polymorphism to completed speciation via divergent evolution.

The origin of new genes has long been a central interest of evolutionary biologists. However, novelty evades reconstruction by the classical tools of evolutionary modeling. This evasion of insight from deep ancestral investigation necessitates intensive study of model species within well-sampled, recently diversified clades. The model Neurospora species—which lack recent gene duplications yet harbor clusters of lineage-specific genes (LSGs) adjacent to the telomeres—constitute comprehensively characterized organisms apt for studying the evolution of LSGs. Using gene syntenies, we documented that 78% of Neurospora LSGs clusters accompany large non-coding regions, frequent gene duplications and relocation, or regional rearrangements. Ancestral status of the LSG mas-1 and its neighbors was investigated in detail, and we identified sequence conservation among syntenic non-coding regions that suggests that it arose from an ancient copy of a lysophospholipase precursor that is ubiquitous in lineages of the Sordariomycetes. High resistance to polyoxin D of the mas-1 mutant demonstrates that the gene exhibits a role in cell-wall integrity and cellular sensitivity to antifungal toxins. To perform a broader investigation of the function of LSGs, we assembled transcriptomics data from 68 experimental data points and identified co-regulatory modules using Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis. This analysis revealed no essential roles for LSGs in known regulatory machinery. Our discoveries illuminate a “rummage region” in the N. crassa genome that enables some novel elements and new functions to arise via gene duplication and relocation or invasion of genetic materials, followed by fast mutation and recombination facilitated by tandem repeats and unconstrained non-coding sequences.

Hybrid zones with multiple independent contact regions between the same species allow to determine the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the evolution of hybrid zones and thus, parallelism in hybridization outcomes. In this study, we take advantage of two hybrid regions between the damselfly species Ischnura elegans and I. graellsii in Spain to measure: i) the extent of parallelism across geographic hybridization replicates, and what factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) drive that variation; and ii) if hybridization has an impact on the ability of species to expand their ranges. RAD sequencing was used to generate 5,702 SNPs to quantify population diversity and population differentiation, and a subset of 381 species-specific SNPs to analyze genotypic composition (individual ancestry and the proportion of individuals in different hybrid classes Our individual ancestry results showed on-going hybridization and introgression with different admixture-class distributions between hybrid regions and between populations explained by i) species proportions, ii) time elapsed since colonization, and iii) asymmetric and reinforced prezygotic barriers and Batson Dobzhansky and Müller (BDM) hybrid incompatibilities, and indicated a role of hybridization as a facilitator of species range expansions. Our study highlights the value of studying complex hybrid zones to gain insights into microevolutionary processes.

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as an important therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke who are not good candidates for long-term oral anticoagulation. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has an important and foundational role in preprocedural left atrial appendage assessment, intraprocedural guidance and device deployment, and post-procedural evaluation in follow-up. Recent studies have evaluated intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) as a primary intraprocedural imaging modality without the need for TEE. The use of ICE offers promise of expedited patient care, reduced procedural complexity, and reduced costs. Observational reports of ICE for LAAO highlight significant variability in procedural technique, including but not limited to ICE catheter placement and position as well as the type and number of intracardiac views. Integration with concomitant electroanatomic mapping provides additional information to the operator regarding the orientation of the ICE catheter to the atrial geometry and can be used to optimize views and avoid perforation. It also allows for more precise near-field delineation of transseptal access. This review characterizes a standardized approach for harnessing ICE based off four anatomic views (aortic, mitral, left superior pulmonary vein, and inferior). These views optimize the unique vantage points of left atrial ICE as opposed to attempting to replicate the transesophageal windows. The focus on complementary and orthogonal angles allows for more precise device placement and assessment for device positioning and peri-device leak.

A document by Kailash Jha. Click on the document to view its contents.

Plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) plays a key role in enhancing the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of metal oxide nanostructures. Herein, photoanodes consisting of α-Fe2O3 nanorod (NR) arrays decorated with Au nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared and optimized to study the PIRET effect. Both the experimental and calculated Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectra indicate that there is a significant near-field coupling between α-Fe2O3 NRs and Au NPs which enable cross-section absorption. The coupling greatly enhances the plasmonic energy transfer from Au NPs to α-Fe2O3 NRs array. The simulated field distribution indicates the Au NPs induce a strong electromagnetic field near the surface of α-Fe2O3 NRs through PIRET. Also, the transient absorption spectroscopy indicates that the direct recombination of photogenerated carriers is significantly limited by the near-field coupling interaction and amplification of the electromagnetic field. The co-catalysts, such as iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH), are found to have an additional enhancement on the transfer kinetics of holes at the surface. As a result, the photocurrent density of Au/FeOOH-functionalized α-Fe2O3 arrays are about 3.5 times higher than that of pristine α-Fe2O3 NR arrays.

Abstract: Background: Coronary artery dilation is the main cause of poor prognosis in children with Kawasaki disease. Whether eosinophils can predict coronary artery dilation and long-term prognosis in children after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment for Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, a total of 664 children with Kawasaki disease were continuously enrolled. Results: With a sensitivity of 77.78% and a specificity of 74.38%, the optimal cut-off value for predicting coronary artery dilatation is eosinophils ≥ 0.24. According to the cut-off value, the children were separated into two groups: eosinophils<0.24 group (n = 461) and eosinophils ≥ 0.24 group (n = 203). Eosinophils ≥ 0.24 as the ideal cut-off value for predicting cardiovascular death with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.772 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.720 ~ 0.823, P < 0.001], a sensitivity of 72.88%, and a specificity of 78.57%. The incidence of cardiovascular death, heart failure and multiple organ dysfunction was greater in the eosinophils ≥ 0.24 group, although there was no significant difference in the incidence of pericarditis procedures following IVIG between the two groups. Eosinophils ≥ 0.24 was also an independent predictor of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio = 4.95, 95% confidence interval (CI):2.98 ~ 8.23, P < 0.001). However, eosinophils have a lower sensitivity (23.08%) for predicting the recurrence of Kawasaki disease. Conclusion: eosinophils ≥ 0.24 was independently associated with coronary artery dilatation and poor clinical outcomes for children in Kawasaki disease after IVIG treatment. Key words: eosinophils, coronary artery dilatation, prognosis, KD, IVIG.

By the method of semi-tensor product of matrices, state based potential games are investigated. Firstly, using the potential equation, a necessary and sufficient condition and a sufficient condition are proposed, respectively, to verify whether a state based game is potential. Then two static equivalence conditions of state based potential games are presented. Furthermore, the dynamic equivalence is given such that the state based games dynamically equivalent to the state based potential games have similar dynamic properties. Lastly, the concept of state based networked evolutionary games is proposed. A necessary and sufficient condition is given to assure a state based networked evolutionary game is potential.

Light-assisted N2 fixation to NH3 under mild conditions is attracting massive attention to circumvent energy crisis and global warming. Herein, highly dispersed Cs-decorated Ru sub-nanometric clusters supported on ZrO2 NPs have been prepared by means of MOF-templated transformation method. The obtained catalyst exhibited N2 hydrogenation activity of 1.6 mmolNH3 · gcat-1 · h-1 in the dark (350 oC, 0.1 MPa). Remarkably this value increased by over 300 %, reaching 5.1 mmolNH3·gcat-1·h-1 (204 mmolNH3 · gRu-1 · h-1) under 1 Sun power illumination (1080 W/m2), with an estimated quantum efficiency of 39 %. The influence of the incident light wavelength has been evaluated, revealing 81 % and 213 % enhancement in the NIR and visible region, respectively. DFT calculations were carried out to understand the static adsorption states of Ru sub-nanoclusters. Mechanistic studies have confirmed the co-existence of a photothermal and a nonthermal-hot electron mechanism. XPS, PXRD and FTIR analysis have determined that the Cs species block surface Zr4+ acidity, increasing the basicity of the ZrO2 support. Moreover, partially reduced Cs+ (0<<1) species surrounding the Ru active sites are donating electron density to the adjacent Ru sites, favoring N2 adsorption. Finally, this photocatalyst has shown an extended stability for 100 h irradiation under continuous flow.

Article Type: Case ReportTitle: Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma presenting as multiple Cutaneous Lesions visualized through Reflectance Confocal MicroscopyAuthors: Shazli Razi, MD 1, Samantha Ouellette, BA 1,2, Samavia Khan, BS1,2, Babar Rao, MD 1,2

INTRODUCTIONSCI is a rare disease that widely varies in its clinical presentations and vertebral artery dissection can be seen in 4% to 10% of SCI. These has left patients with harmful neurological outcomes, such as paraplegia, quadriplegia, and urinary incontinence [1,2,4]. The spinal cord receives a vascular supply which consists of two arterial systems that form a rich anastomotic network, the single anterior spinal artery and paired posterior spinal arteries in which the former supplies the anterolateral two-thirds of the spinal cord, and the latter supplying the posterior one-third of the spinal cord making the spinal cord relatively resistant to ischemia [3]. SCI develops when the vascular supply to the spinal cord fails and typical causes of infarct include nonprocedural and procedural etiologies such as cardio-embolism, fibrocartilaginous embolism, arterial dissections and systemic hypotension but can also develop as a complication after endovascular, aortic or vertebral artery procedures [3]. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) complication secondary to arterial dissection can be associated with trauma or spontaneously while artery-to-artery embolic events are the most common mechanism of stroke, followed by hemodynamic failure [4]. The cause of the aneurysm could be a combination of vasculitic weakening of the vessel wall from pro-inflammatory manifestations of SLE and possible dilation of the vertebral artery. The following case report serves to illustrate the key points of this condition and discuss the possible mechanisms leading to the SCI and subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with SLE.

IntroductionPressure (decubitus) ulcers, also known as bedsores, are skin and soft tissue injuries that arise from constant or prolonged pressure exerted on the skin (Zaidi, 2022). An increasing number of people are affected by pressure injuries as our population grows and ages (Boyko, 2016). Pressure injuries frequently precipitate chronic wounds resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden on both the patient and the healthcare system (Afzeli, 2020). Pressure injuries may develop in hospital and long-term care settings with orthopedic wards estimated to have the highest incidence of pressure injuries (Afzeli 2020). The reported prevalence of pressure injuries in long-term care facilities varies widely, ranging from 3.4-32.4% while hospital incidence rates range from 4% to 38% (Anthony 2019 & Afzeli 2020).The etiology of pressure ulcers is multifactorial with risk factors including but not limited to neurologic disease, cardiovascular disease, and malnutrition (Zaidi 2022). Prolonged external pressure for as little as two hours can lead to the formation of a pressure ulcer (Zaidi 2022). Physiologic factors that incite pressure injuries include reperfusion injury and impaired lymphatic drainage (Boyko, 2016).A number of complications may result from pressure ulcers with the most common being infection, which is often polymicrobial (Zaidi, 2022). The infection may spread to deeper tissues inciting periostitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis and the formation of sinuses from tissue loss (Zaidi 2022).Stage I and II pressure ulcers are managed conservatively with appropriate wound care and elimination of causative factors, while more severe ulcers (stage III or IV) or ulcers with concomitant necrosis, osteomyelitis, or systemic infection may often require operative intervention. More severe pressure ulcers may require adjunctive procedures such as bedside debridement, negative pressure wound therapy, fecal/urinary diversion, and ultimately operative care. Since complication rates after flap reconstruction of pressure injuries are high, affecting 59% of patients (Bamba 2017), those who are poor surgical candidates should generally not undergo reconstructive procedures.We present a unique case of a chronic ischial tuberosity pressure wound (ITPW) with multi-focal arterial and venous hemorrhage which required emergent exploration in the operating room.

The major current challenge related to alien species is the absence of a comprehensive theoretical basis to explain the resistance from bioinvasions. One of the factors conferring resistance to invasion is the native species diversity of a recipient ecosystem. We aim to examine patterns of species diversity to understand the mechanisms underlying host-parasite relationships in alien species. The dataset represents 20 host-locality samples, including over 15,067,600 symbiotic organisms counted from 612 host individuals belonging to 7 gammarid species, two native and five invasive, sampled at 16 localities in the Baltic region of Poland. We asked whether diversity patterns depended on locality, habitat and host species, and which factors are deterministic in the variation of diversity. Our results suggest that both locality and host phylogeny are critical factors in determining the composition and abundance of symbiotic communities in gammarids. Out of these two factors, locality appears to be more determinant of the symbiotic community of gammarids than host species, whereas habitat condition was a stronger determinant of the symbiotic communities than geographic distance. The rich and uneven symbiotic communities of native gammarids keep the host-parasite system in equilibrium. Sharply dominated symbiotic species with a high load per host individual stabilize the host population. Simplified symbiotic communities of the invasive hosts showed a relatively even distribution of species with moderate loads per individual, with heavily infected gammarids being rare in the population. The survival rate of invasive gammarids is expected to be relatively high, facilitating their population growth and further spread. Complex communities of the native gammarids constructed from many symbiotic species may prevent host populations from undergoing explosive growth, while such mechanisms may be completely or partially reduced in invasive hosts.

The high cost of commercial enzymes for depolymerizing fermentable carbohydrates of lignocellulosic biomass represents one of the main drawbacks to its use as a renewable feedstock to produce bioenergy and bioproducts. This work employs the dilution-to-stimulation method to produce simplified microbiotas with a high capacity for cellulose degradation. These microbiotas were obtained from four lignocellulosic composts cultivated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions during ten transfers using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as carbon source. After the eighth transfer, the depolymerization percentage of CMC reached the same values (70 ± 3%) for all microbiotas and respiration conditions. The microbial structure of all enriched microbiotas was simplified, mostly to Lactobacillus and Clostridium in anaerobic conditions while the more diverse aerobic enriched microbiotas were composed mainly of Rhizobium, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, and Enterococcus. After the enrichment process, the two enriched microbiotas were grown on four biologically-pretreated xylan-free lignocellulosic biomasses achieving a maximum cellulose degradation rate of 0.063 g/L-h, and 0.061 g/L-h, respectively. These cellulose-degrading microbiotas are a promising alternative to high-cost enzymes for their capacity to obtain fermentable sugars from different lignocellulosic biomasses that could be used in synergy with selected fermenting bacteria to obtain a desired fermentation product.

A better understanding of the impact of habitat loss on population density can be achieved by evaluating effects of both, parameters within remnant habitat patches and parameters of the landscape surrounding those patches. The integration of predictors at the patch and landscape level is scarce in animal ecological studies, especially for reptiles. In this study, a patch-landscape approach was applied to evaluate the combined effects of within patch habitat quality, patch geometry and landscape configuration and composition on the density of remnant populations of the eastern green lizard, Lacerta viridis, in a highly modified landscape in Bulgaria. Landscape composition variables (proportion of different land covers) were measured at different spatial scales surrounding patches. Single scale models were built to evaluate combined effects of all predictors on density, when including all landscape composition variables at a specific spatial scale. Multiscale models were applied to analyze combined effects when including landscape composition variables at the scale of their strongest effect (scale of effect, SoE). Results showed that the SoE of proportion of cropland and urban areas was small (50 m), while for proportion of habitat was large (1.5 Km). The overall effect of habitat loss was better explained by the multiscale model. Population density increased with patch area and decreased with patch shape irregularity and with the proportion of three land cover types surrounding patches -cropland, urban areas and habitat. Combining patch and landscape parameters is important to identify ecological processes that occur simultaneously at different spatial levels and landscape scales, and which would imply the application of multiscale approaches for the protection of wild animal populations. Results are contrasted with what is known about occupancy patterns of the species in the same region, and approaches to integrate both, occupancy and density, in the field design of animal ecological studies are suggested.

Objective To examine differences in emotional susceptibility, emotional needs for emotional regulation, and choice and use of regulatory strategies among college students with different levels of social anxiety. To provide useful guidance for intervention of anxiety symptoms dominated by emotional disorders. Methods Using the experimental method, 256 college students were recruited, and the high social anxiety group and the low social anxiety group were selected to conduct the emotional regulation flexibility experiment. Results The high social anxiety group had a higher susceptibility to negative emotions, a higher emotional intensity, and a lower level of control, and they had less flexibility and repertoire in different situations. Susceptibility to positive emotions significantly predicted the number of repertoires and total strategies. Emotional intensity and degree of control significantly predicted regulatory flexibility. Conclusion People with high social anxiety are less flexible in their emotional regulation. This is mainly reflected in the fact that they choose fewer different strategies in controllable situations, use disengagement strategies regardless of the situation, and make less effort to retrieve and use regulatory strategies in different situations. Although social anxious individuals are significantly more sensitive to negative emotions, positive emotional sensitivity plays a greater role in the emotional regulation process of social anxious individuals. Therefore, future research should further explore the characteristics of social anxious individuals’ positive emotional cognition and pay attention to the perception of positive emotions in intervention.

T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibit a hyperactive phenotype with defects in homeostasis, signaling and cytokine production. We previously uncovered new roles for serine arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) in the control of genes involved in signaling and cytokine production in T cells. SRSF1 expression is decreased in T cells from patients with SLE and low SRSF1 levels are associated with severe disease activity. Mice with a T cell-conditional deficiency of Srsf1 exhibit T cell hyperactivity, systemic autoimmunity, and lupus-like nephritis. However, little is known about the molecular targets controlled by SRSF1 and whether they are implicated in human SLE. Our goal was to identify the molecular signatures controlled by SRSF1 and evaluation by comparative bioinformatic analysis if these genes and pathways are dysregulated in SLE. We curated publicly available gene array datasets from SLE patients and compared them with SRSF1-regulated genes in CD4 T cells from Srsf1-deficient mice. We identified 169 overlapping genes controlled by SRSF1 that are aberrantly expressed in T cells of SLE patients. Pathway analysis revealed genes enriched in interferon signaling, cytokine production, cytokine receptor interaction, cell migration and lysosomal clearance pathways. Our data reveal that SRSF1 controls genes involved in T cell homeostasis, activation, cytokine regulation/signaling and differentiation, which are altered in patients with SLE. Therefore, SRSF1 is an important regulator of T cell function and its deficiency may lead to a hyperactive T cell phenotype in SLE patients. Targeting SRSF1 and the genes controlled by this molecule to correct the aberrant T

Radiation mutation breeding is an important method for obtaining new crop varieties. In radiation mutation breeding research, the dose effect of radiation has long been a topic of concern. However, the molecular mechanism behind the dose effect is still unclear. Through analyzing the transcriptome and proteome of M 1 generation pea ( Pisum sativum L.) leaves, three important rules of global gene expression were found in the studied dose range. First, neutron irradiation of pea seeds does not cause changes in the overall gene expression of M 1 generation peas at the transcriptional and translational levels. Second, the greater the difference in neutron absorbed dose between two radiation treatment groups, the greater the difference in differential expression between the two groups and the control group. Third, the distribution of differentially expressed genes in M 1 generation peas caused by neutron irradiation on pea seeds has a similar proportional relationship in each major functional classification. We also obtained important sensitive metabolic pathways of neutron radiation, as well as related key genes. Furthermore, the overall molecular regulation mechanism of dose effect was further revealed based on the main functional items obtained.

： Due to its ability to reveal the intrinsic molecule specificity of DNA/RNA at subcellular lateral resolution, photoacoustic (PA) microscopy holds great promises in histopathology imaging of tissue samples. An essential marker for subsequent illness study and diagnosis is the histopathological picture. Segmenting the histopathological image of cell nuclei has been significantly aided by contemporary image processing technology, while they usually suffer from inadequate segmentation or training resource waste. To address this challenge, we propose an approach, called Classes U-Net, which combines the information entropy classification with U-Net and U-Net++ architecture for the segmentation of photoacoustic histology image. The results show that our Classes U-Net effectively improves the DICE to 91.43%, IOU to 84.215, better than U-Net’s 83.28% and 71.35%, better than U-Net++’s 84.60% and 73.31%, and our Classes U-Net reduce the required computing resources.

Background: Various studies suggest that coinfection with two or more respiratory pathogens is common. Coinfection with two viruses affects the host and exerts synergic effect as well and can influence the disease pathogenesis, immune system responses and treatment and outcome. Influenza and COVID-19 respiratory viruses have very similar symptoms and for this reason, bring about problems including delayed treatment and right diagnosis. This report describes three cases of coinfection with COVID-19 and influenza. Case Presentation: First case is a 46 years old Iranian housewife with the history of chronic coughs from two months ago who presented with exacerbation of coughs together with dyspnea. The second case is a 62 years old Iranian housewife with history of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2) who presented with productive coughs, dyspnea and weakness. The third case is an Iranian pregnant housewife who presented with myalgia, fever and chills and dry coughs from a week ago. All three cases were tested positive for influenza and COVID-19 PCR tests. Conclusion: coinfection with two viruses can result in synergism of pathogens. Moreover, coinfection with a bacterial pathogen can make further problems. In these cases, coinfection with two viruses and mycobacterial infection in one of the cases along with comorbidities and pregnancy implied that these conditions entail immediate diagnosis as well as appropriate treatment choices.

The huge amount of bank operations that occur every day makes it extremely hard for financial institutions to spot malicious money laundering related operations. Although some predefined heuristics are used they aren't restrictive enough, still leaving to much work for human analyzers. This motivates the need for intelligent systems that can help financial institutions fight money laundering in a diversity of ways, such as: intelligent filtering of bank operations, intelligent analysis of suspicious operations, learning of new detection and analysis rules. In this paper, we present a multiagent based approach to deal with the problem of money laundering by defining a multiagent system designed to help financial institutions in this task, helping them to deal with two main problems: volume and rule improvement. We define the agent architecture , and characterize the different types of agents, considering the distinct roles they play in the process.