6 month old child presented with complaints of recurrent respiratory infection, tachypnea and decreased air entry on right side . Xray chest AP view (Fig[1](#fig-cap-0001)) showed opaque right hemithorax with ipsilateral mediastinal shift and compensatory hyperinflation of left lung. Further evaluation with CECT thorax (Fig [2](#fig-cap-0002)) showed hypoplastic right lung with collapse consolidation and right sided mediastinal shift. Bifurcation of trachea was not seen with trachea continuing as left main bronchus with normal segmental division. Right bronchus appears to be arising from lower part of esophagus, precise communication was not demonstrated (Fig [3](#fig-cap-0003)). Conventional contrast (non ionic) esophagogram was performed and free flow of contrast was seen from lower third of esophagus to the right main bronchus (Fig [4](#fig-cap-0004)) confirming the diagnosis of Congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (CBPFM)

Nitrate contamination is affecting groundwater across the tropics. This study describes isotopic and ionic spatial trends across a tropical and volcanic multi-aquifer system in central Costa Rica in relation to land use change over four decades. Springs and wells (from 800 to 2,400 m asl) were sampled for NO3- and Cl- concentrations, δ18Owater, δ15NNO3, and δ18ONO3. A Bayesian isotope mixing model was used to estimate source contributions to the nitrate legacy in groundwater. Land use change was evaluated using satellite imagery from 1979 and 2019. The lower nitrate concentrations (< 1 mg/L) were reported in headwater springs near protected forested areas, while greater concentrations (up to ~63 mg/L) were reported in wells (mid- and low-elevation sites in the unconfined unit) and low-elevation springs. High-elevation springs were characterized by low Cl- concentrations and moderate NO3-/Cl- ratios, indicating the potential influence of soil nitrogen inputs. Wells and low-elevation springs exhibited greater NO3-/Cl- ratios and Cl- concentrations above 100 mg/L. A decreasing trend in NO3-/Cl- ratios coupled with greater Cl- values was also detected. Bayesian calculations suggest a mixture of sewage (domestic septic tanks), soil nitrogen (forested recharge areas), and chemical fertilizers (coffee plantations), as a direct result of abrupt land use change in the last 40 years. Our results confirm the incipient trend in increasing groundwater nitrogen and highlight the urgent need for a multi-municipal plan to transition from domestic septic tanks to regional sewage treatment and sustainable agricultural practices to prevent future groundwater quality degradation effectively.

It has been proposed that increasing greenhouse gas (GHG)-driven climate tipping point risks may prompt consideration of Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) climate intervention to reduce those risks. Here, we study marine cloud brightening (MCB) SRM interventions in three subtropical oceanic regions using the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2) experiments. We assess the response of tipping point-related metrics to estimate the extent to which such interventions could reduce tipping point risk. Both the pattern and magnitude of the MCB cooling depend strongly on location of the MCB intervention. We find the MCB cooling effect reduces tipping point risk overall; however, the distinct pattern effects of MCB versus GHG means it is an imperfect remedy. Indeed, if MCB is applied in certain oceanic regions, it may exacerbate some tipping point risks. It is therefore crucial to carefully assess the potential remote teleconnected response to MCB interventions to reduce unintended climate impacts.

Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia with BCL11B Copy Gain: What is the Best Strategy? Keri Toner MD1, 2, Reuven Schore MD1,2 and Jinjun Cheng MD PhD1,3,4*Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DCDepartment of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USADivision of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DCDepartments of Pathology and Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

Background: The present study aimed to examine the effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) in pediatric cancer patients. Methods: The present phase II, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial enrolled patients aged less than 20 years who were scheduled to receive cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and randomly allocated them at a ratio of 1:1 to a Mg supplementation arm with even-numbered chemotherapy courses (arm AB) or another arm with odd-numbered courses (arm BA). Analysis objects were reconstructed into two groups depending on whether the chemotherapy course had Mg supplementation (group B) or not (group A). The primary outcome was the proportion of chemotherapy courses resulting in elevating serum creatinine per chemotherapy course. The secondary outcomes included efficacies evaluated using other biomarkers and the safety of the Mg supplementation. Results: Twenty-eight patients were randomly allocated to either group (16 to arm AB and 12 to arm BA). The baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. There was no significant difference in elevated serum creatinine between the groups (group A: 10% vs. group B: 6%; P=0.465), nor was any significant difference observed in other biomarkers during any chemotherapy course. The Mg value during chemotherapy was significantly higher in group B than in group A. No adverse events related to magnesium administration were observed. Conclusions: The study design, which treated a single chemotherapy course as a study object, failed to detect a statistically significant benefit of Mg supplementation for preventing CIN in pediatric cancer patients.

Reactive power management (RPM) in electric power systems is usually based on a rule-based control derived from the transmission system operator’s experience. This approach faces challenges as the number of decisions and the complexity of the system operation is increasing. With the increasing generation from renewables and the evolution of electricity markets, the available resources must be optimally utilized. In this paper, a comparison is made between the optimization-based approach (OBA) and the experience-based expert approach (EBA) for RPM. The OBA is based on security-constrained optimization with minimum redispatch cost as the objective function for different contingencies. In contrast, the EBA’s actions are based on the system operator’s experience. Comparison is made in terms of the generator redispatch cost, active and reactive power redispatch volume, nodal voltages, and the number of actions to ensure secure operation. The analysis using a reduced model of the target system shows that OBA is more beneficial than EBA, with up to 22% and 42% reduction in redispatch cost and volume, respectively. Moreover, the control decisions from both approaches are seen to be similar. This study aims to show the usefulness of the OBA and motivate TSOs to move towards optimization-based reactive power management

The serve burn or scald wounds always face persistent infections and self-repair function decline caused by serious tissue necrosis, leading to delayed healing or even sepsis. In this work, we proposed a click-chemistry hydrogel delivery system of antibacterial and tissue remodeling function nanovesicles for deep scald wound treatment. An hydrophilic photodynamic aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer 4-(2-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyridin-1-ium bromide (THB) was firstly encapsulated into nanovesicles derived from easily accessible adipose stem cells (ANVs) to create THB@ANVs, which exhibits enhanced bacteria-targeting property and multiple tissue remodeling effects. To deliver THB@ANVs, an injectable click-chemistry hydrogel of carboxymethyl chitosan was used to form a wound treatment system for deep scald wounds. The hydrogel can well matching the wound morphology and respond to the acidic microenvironment of the wound to accelerate sustained release. In vivo wound healing evaluations show that the composite hydrogel can efficiently accelerate wound healing by reducing the number of bacteria, promoting early angiogenesis, and regulating immune reaction. This study provides a simple, low-cost, and effective “one-stop” strategy with diverse functions and wide applicability for scald wound remodeling and antibiosis.

The study investigates the job search of Turkish older women workers in pink-collar occupations in both the offline and online worlds, with the goal of identifying barriers encountered during online job search as well as highlighting its latent potential. Our sample is formed by ten older women (ages 55–59) who currently work in jobs that do not require basic computer and internet skills. By focusing on their first-time e-recruitment experience through an online job search platform, we employed a multi-method research approach that includes pre-interview procedures, task-based observation, the think-aloud protocol during task execution, and post-interview evaluations. The findings indicate that offline job searching is challenging for older women workers due to time and cost intensity, physical and mental strain, and direct ageism. In contrast, online job searches offers accessibility, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, autonomy, and a reduced risk of age discrimination. However, digital inequalities, including access, autonomy of use, internet skills, purpose of use and limited social support impede the active use of online job platforms by our sample group. The removal of these barriers will not only contribute to greater economic integration of women, but will also provide a tangible opportunity to overcome traditional gender norms.

Rationale: Sanguinarine (SAN), as the main active component of a traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, have been widely used in animal husbandry and breeding industry. However, the metabolites of SA are still uncertain. Therefore, This research aimed to investigate the metabolites of SA based on rats in vivo. Methods: Blood, feces and urine of rats were collected after oral administration of 40 mg/kg SAN. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to identify the metabolites of SAN. The elemental composition of sanguinarine metabolites was inferred by analyzing their exact molecular weight, and the metabolites’ structure were predicted based on their fragment ions and cleavage pathways. Results: A total of 12 metabolites were identified, including three metabolites in plasma, four in urine and nine in feces. Accord to the possible metabolic pathways deduced in this study, SAN was mainly metabolized by reduction, oxidation, demethylation, hydroxylation and glucuronidation. Conclusions: The present research have summarized the metabolism of SAN in rats, which is helpful to further study on metabolic mechanism of SAN in vivo and in vitro.

Previous reports indicate variable soybean quality parameters exported/shipped from different geographic regions. This review compares the quality of soybeans grown under diverse environmental conditions from the US, Brazil and Argentina, the three main exporting countries. While various studies have been conducted on whole soybean and soybean meal composition by origin, similar analysis of soybean oil is lacking. This review includes analysis of crude degummed soybean oil samples, providing a holistic analysis of soybean and soybean co-product quality by origin. Furthermore, a meta-analytical approach was conducted to quantify the relation between US and Brazil soybean meal chemical composition, nutritional value, minerals, and limited amino acid composition. Soybeans from Brazil have higher levels of protein than those from the US but the US soybeans have lower heat and total damage than soybeans from Brazil. US and Brazil soybean meal have higher crude protein than soybean meal from Argentina. At equal crude protein content, US soybean meal had less fiber, more sucrose and lysine and better protein quality than South American soybean meals. Methionine, threonine, and cysteine levels were similar in soybean protein from US and Argentina and higher than that in soybean protein from Brazil. Degummed soybean oil from Brazil had higher free fatty acids, neutral oil loss, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium than degummed oil from the US or Argentina. Our analysis suggests that environmental conditions under which soybeans are grown and stored as well as their handling can have a large impact on chemical composition and nutrient quality of soybean oil.

Coastal reclamation can provide new space for agriculture, industry and urbanization, as well as new investment opportunities in coastal areas. As a result, both the length and proportion of artificial shoreline increased significantly. Meanwhile, the complexity of coastal morphology will be diminished by large-scale land reclamation. Although coastal geomorphic characteristics has a crucial impact on tidal energy loss and disaster prevention, little research has been conducted on the relationship between the tidal range reduction rate and coastal morphological complexity. This relationship is essential for predicting the impact of coastal complexity changes caused by accelerated land reclamation on tidal energy loss. Taking Hangzhou Bay and Zhoushan Islands as the research objects, combined with fractal geometry theory and quantitative assessment method of landscape complexity, the correlation between coastal geomorphological complexity and tidal distance reduction rate is analyzed, and A model based on the correlation of the tidal range reduction rate and geomorphological complexity is established. The model is applied to evaluate the effect of reclamation in Zhoushan Islands on the landscape complexity and dissipation of tidal energy. The results show that the tidal range reduction rate is reduced with the decrease of fractal dimension and shape index, indicating that the coastal geomorphologic complexity has an important effect on tidal energy loss. The efficient control indicators and scientific reclamation measures are discussed in this paper. This study provides new ideas for the analysis of the comprehensive impact of reclamation on coastal geomorphic characteristics and disaster prevention, and can provide guidance for the efficient utilization and protection of tidal flats.

To date, studies focusing on the connection between psychological functioning and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity usually adopted the one-dimensional model of autonomic balance, according to which activation of one branch of the ANS is accompanied by an inhibition of the other. However, the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches also activate independently; thus, co-activation and co-inhibition may occur. The autonomic balance and regulatory capacity model accounts for such a diversity of autonomic activities. In the present study, we adopted a refinement of this model to assess how markers of the autonomic space relate to several critical psychological constructs: emotional contagion (EC), general anxiety, and positive and negative affect (PA and NA). We analyzed data from 408 healthy students, who underwent a 5-minute baseline period as part of their participation in several experiments and then completed self-reported questionnaires. During the baseline, electrocardiogram (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), and respiratory activity were recorded. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), as well as cross-system autonomic balance (CSAB) and regulation (CSAR), were calculated. A comparison between psychological and physiological indices revealed distinct patterns of psychological associations for each physiological index: CSAB was positively correlated with EC and negatively correlated with PA and NA. Negative associations were noted between CSAR and EC. EDA was positively correlated with PA and NA and negatively linked to EC. We thus provide support for using the two-dimensional autonomic space framework in psychophysiological research. The advantages of the autonomic balance and regulatory capacity model are discussed.

This review identifies cerebral haemodynamic fluctuations characteristic of vigilance decrement, the tendency for lapses in sustained attention to snowball with time on task. These characteristic fluctuations, previously missed by existent literature, can be ascribed to a series of methodological and analytic confounds associated with the use of Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FNIRS) to record regional tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) over the anterior frontal lobes during sustained attention tasks. This review triangulates a sequence of changes in rSO2 characteristic of vigilance decrement, that maps to bio-cognitive models of the human attention system. Previous studies may not have been able to identify this characteristic sequence, because data was either not recorded for a sufficient amount of time or used bucket averaging analysis methods that obfuscated changes in rSO2. Lessons learned through this review may reinform FNIRS research methods and ultimately lead future researchers to design experiments that better leverage rSO2 as a measure of human attentional performance.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patient, tumor and radiation therapy factors are associated with development of middle ear effusion (MEE) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Methods: A retrospective review of NPC patients treated between January 2000 and June 2018 at Rabin Medical Center. Patient factors, tumor factors, radiation doses and radiation fields were collected and outlined if needed (middle ear, eustachian tube (ET), tensor veli palatini (TVP) and levator palatini (LVP) muscles), then analyzed and compared between patients with MEE and those without and between sides in patients with unilateral MEE. Results: 73 patients were enrolled. Most were males (71.2%) with advanced stage diseases (78%). At the time of diagnosis 14 patients (19.2%) presented with MEE and in 18 (24.6%) patients post radiation MEE was observed (15 ipsilateral to the tumor and 3 bilateral). Tumor stage, histology and laterality were not associated with development of MEE. Comparison of mean radiation field dosages including - gross target volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV) and patient target volume (PTV) showed no association with post radiation MEE. In addition, no difference was found in the radiation doses to the middle ear, ET or the LVP nor the TVP between ears with and without MEE. Conclusions: Postirradiation MEE remains a common adverse effect in NPC patients. Surprisingly, tumor stage, tumor laterality and histology were not associated with MEE. Similar findings were observed for total radiation doses and specific doses to the middle ear, ET and ET muscles.

Synchronous nasal rhinosporidiosis and inverted papilloma in a paediatric patient in Dodoma, Tanzania: Case report

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging, such as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), is increasingly being used by organismal biologists for precise and comprehensive anatomical characterization. However, the segmentation of anatomical structures remains a bottleneck in research, often requiring tedious manual work. Here, we propose a pipeline for the fully-automated segmentation of anatomical structures in micro-CT images utilizing state-of-the-art deep learning methods, selecting the ant brain as a test case. We implemented the U-Net architecture for 2D image segmentation for our convolutional neural network (CNN), combined with pixel-island detection. For training and validation of the network, we assembled a dataset of semi-manually segmented brain images of 76 ant species. The trained network predicted the brain area in ant images fast and accurately; its performance tested on validation sets showed good agreement between the prediction and the target, scoring 80% Intersection over Union (IoU) and 90% Dice Coefficient (F1) accuracy. While manual segmentation usually takes many hours for each brain, the trained network takes only a few minutes. Furthermore, our network is generalizable for segmenting the whole neural system in full-body scans, and works in tests on distantly related and morphologically divergent insects (e.g., fruit flies). The latter suggests that methods like the one presented here generally apply across diverse taxa. Our method makes the construction of segmented maps and the morphological quantification of different species more efficient and scalable to large datasets, a step toward a big data approach to organismal anatomy.

Uraria Desv. and Christia Moench are two closely related genera in Fabaceae and are of high medicinal and ornamental value. To examine the pollen variability and evaluate its taxonomic significance, the pollen morphology of 18 samples representing six species in Uraria and three species in Christia was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and both qualitative and quantitative palynological features were examined. The pollen grains were measured, described, and electron photomicrographs were taken. The pollen grains of nine species have tricolpate apertures. Three types of pollen shapes, that is, spheroidal, prolate, and perprolate were observed, where the perprolate pollen grains were predominant. The exine ornamentation of pollen grains is reticulate or rugulate. A high level of interspecific and intraspecific variation in the shapes of pollen grains in Uraria and Christia was observed. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two principal components accounted for 79.43 % of the total variance, where P/E, pore shape, exine ornamentation, and pore size are valuable taxonomic characters in these two genera. Our results suggested that it was challenging to use pollen morphology as taxonomic features at interspecific or intraspecific taxonomic levels, but palynological assessments could provide valuable evidence to understand the origin and evolutionary process of plants at the taxonomic levels of genus or family.

Fuel-driven dissipative self-assembly, which is a well-established concept in recent years, refers to out-of-equilibrium molecular self-assembly initiated and supported by the addition of active molecules (chemical fuel). It widely exists in nature since many tempo-rary, active micro- or nanostructures in living bodies are generated by the dissipative self-assembly of biomolecules. Therefore, the study on dissipative self-assembly provides a good opportunity to have an insight into the microscopic mechanism of living organisms. In the meantime, dissipative assembly is thought to be a potential pathway to achieve dynamic, temporary supramolecular materials. Recently, a number of temporary materials have been developed with the aid of strategies for realizing dissipative self-assembly. Some of their properties, including solubility, stiffness, turbidity, color, or self-healing ability, change upon the addition of chemical fuel but spontaneously restore with chemical fuel consumption. The dynamic of these materials brings them various unprecedented functions. In this review, the principles of fabricating a fuel-driven temporary material are first reviewed and subsequently, recent examples of fuel-driven temporary materials are emphatically summarized, including gels, self-erased inks, nanoreactors, self-healing materials, and nanochannels. Finally, the challenges of developing fuel-driven temporary materials and some perspectives on the function and application of such kind of materials are discussed.

The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of running training (RT) on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrKB, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), dark neurons and thickness of CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG), corticosterone and spatial memory performance in adult male rats exposed to chronic stress. Adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: RT; exposure to chronic mild stress (CS); exposure to chronic mild stress followed by running training, (CS + RT), (CS + Recovery); control group. Findings indicated that the lowest expression of GFAP, number of dark neurons and corticosterone level, the highest thickness of CA1, DG, BDNF and TrKB and spatial memory performance were observed in the RT group. In the CS + RT group, expression of GFAP, the number of dark neurons and corticosterone level were lower, while thickness of CA1 and DG, BDNF, TrKB and spatial memory performance were higher compared to control and CS + Recovery. In the CS group, the expression of GFAP, the number of dark neurons and corticosterone level were highest and thickness of CA1 and DG, BDNF, TrKB and spatial memory performance were lowest among the study groups. In the CS + Recovery group, the expression of GFAP, the number of dark neurons and corticosterone level were lower, compared to the CS group. The study revealed that running training could attenuate the expression of GFAP, the number of dark neurons, corticosterone level and improve stress-induced reduction of BDNF, TrKB and spatial memory.

COVID-19 bivalent ancestral/Omicron mRNA booster vaccinations became available to boost and expand the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infections. In a prospective cohort study including 59 healthcare workers, we assessed SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and Omicron BA.5-specific neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in previously infected and infection-naive individuals. Also, we assessed the effect of an ancestral/Omicron BA.1 bivalent mRNA booster vaccination on these immune responses. 10 months after previous monovalent mRNA vaccinations, ancestral SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific T cell and anti-RBD IgG responses remained detectable in most individuals and a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with increased T cell responses. T cell responses, anti-RBD IgG, and Omicron BA.5 neutralization activity increased after receiving an ancestral/Omicron BA.1 bivalent booster mRNA vaccination. An Omicron BA.5 infection in addition to bivalent vaccination led to a higher ratio of Omicron BA.5 to ancestral strain neutralization activity compared to bivalent vaccination without a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 T cell and antibody responses persist for up to 10 months after a monovalent booster mRNA vaccination. An ancestral/Omicron BA.1 bivalent booster mRNA vaccination increases these immune responses and also induces Omicron BA.5 cross-neutralization antibody activity. Finally, our data indicate that hybrid immunity is associated with improved preservation of T cell immunity.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading malignancies in women of India with high mortality rate and no available targeted therapy. This is due to dearth in understanding of underlying mechanisms regulating cervical carcinogenesis and distinguished behavioral pattern of HPV-associated carcinomas. This study aims to understand association of HPV infection and cervical cancer with aberrant glycosylation, an enabling factor for other hallmarks of cancer. Materials and Methods: DNA and RNA were isolated from biopsy samples of 92 cervical cancer patients. HPV 16 and 18 infection was detected by endpoint Type-Specific PCR. RNA samples were processed for expression analysis of HPV 16-E6, HPV 16-E7 and HPV 16-E2 oncogenes. Analysis of the expression of glycosylation transcripts were performed using qPCR. Results: Correlation of HPV infection with transcript levels of ST3GAL3, ST6GAL1, FUT5 and FUT8 was observed. In HPV 16 and 18 positive patients, the transcript levels of ST3GAL3, ST6GAL1 and FUT5 were higher while FUT8 transcripts levels showed down-regulation. Conclusion: This data depicts hyper-glycosylation patterns associated with HPV infection. HPV-associated cancers showed down regulation of core fucosylation and up-regulation of ST3GAL3, ST6GAL1 and FUT5. The behavioral pattern for HPV-associated cancer could be due to its differential association with altered glycosylation.

Everolimus is an oral mTOR inhibitor used as an immunosuppressant and anticancer. Its pharmacokinetics is highly variable, it has a narrow therapeutic window, and shows chronotoxicity with best time at ZT13 and worst time at ZT1 in preclinical setting. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the pharmacokinetics of everolimus vary according to dosing time and whether sex and feeding status interfere the chronopharmacokinetics. A single dosage of 5 mg/kg everolimus was administered orally to C57BL/6J male and female mice, in fed or fasted states at ZT1-rest and ZT13-activity times and blood and tissue samples were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24h following drug administration. Plasma, liver, ileum, and thymus concentrations of everolimus were determined. Plasma C max, AUC 0-24h, and AUC total were greater at ZT13 compared to ZT1 for both sexes in each feeding states, although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.098). Everolimus AUC 0-24h in the liver was substantially greater at ZT1 than ZT13 in fasted state (p=0.001). Females had a greater Ileum AUC0-24h than males when fed (p=0.043). In one of the target organs of everolimus, the thymus, males had considerably higher amounts at ZT1 than females (p=0.029). Our findings imply that pharmacokinetics of everolimus in mice may differ according to dosing-time, sex, and feeding. A greater tissue distribution of everolimus at ZT1 may be associated with the worst tolerated time of everolimus. Our research suggests that oral chronomodulated everolimus therapy may be more effective and safer for cancer patients.

INTRODUCTIONWretched and unforeseen occurrences can occur during dental treatment. Most common being anaphylactic reactions to local anesthetics, allergic reactions to dental materials, antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.1 A patient with orofacial edema arouses several possibilities in the dental practitioner’s mind. However, rare diseases may mimic or present similarly to common diseases, resulting in a “medical mystery.” Such diagnostic quandary can be disturbing for both the patient and the dentist.The resin-based restorations as well as their constituents must satisfy the biocompatibility testing as they are indicated for a long time period in the mouth and can cause allergic reactions in the form of urticaria, swelling, rash, contact allergy and rhinorrhea. The clinical features include burning, pain and dryness of mucosa, nonspecific stomatitis and cheilitis. Composites, latex gloves, local anesthetic agents, endodontic materials, impression materials, and metals are some of dental materials suspected with biocompatibility issues.The demand for esthetics has increased the application of the acid-etch technique thus increasing the use of phosphoric acid as an etchant. 30 to 40% phosphoric acid is the most used concentration however; the chemical is potentially caustic in higher concentrations. In a review of local and systemic responses related to the effects of dental restorative materials, Stanley found that inappropriate acid etching procedures with 50% phosphoric acid could lead to ulceration and sloughing of oral tissues.2 To date, adverse reactions caused by its contact with the oral mucosa are rare except for the references to such occurrences only in oral pathology texts.3-5Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a non-infectious inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (type IV T-cell-mediated) due to contact with methacrylate present in bonding agents.6,7 The first case report that follows showed an adverse reaction to etchant thus indicating the need of taking precautions to prevent its spillage in undesired areas while the purpose of second case report was to promote the awareness regarding the allergies due to methacrylate in bonding agents when placed on gloved hands during composite restorations.

A conversational agent (chatbot) is a software that communicates with people using natural language. Natural language processing and artificial intelligence rely heavily on conversation modeling. (AI).Indeed, creating a reliable chatbot system has been one of the most difficult challenges in AI since its inception. Although this system can do a variety of things, it must be able to recognize what users are saying in chat and reply to their questions. As a result, this study proposes a deep learning Arabic chatbot system built on a deep neural network model. The proposed method allows for text chats with others about common topics. The suggested system makes use of a Jordanian dialect derived from the website of Jordan’s Al-Zaytoonah University. The model is also created and tested in the deep learning frameworks Tensorflow and Keras. Furthermore, with no handcrafted rules, a dataset of manually produced pairs of conversations is used. This leads to the development of a chat bot system to assist users in counseling via the Al-Zaytoonah website. While the findings are promising and significant, the obtained results show that this system is capable of reproducing efficient and satisfying responses to users for the majority of queries. It is also demonstrated by the obtained results that an extreme burden is placed on the admissions department, including less online utilization of the website.