The pervasiveness of racism in the U.S. and its negative impact on key development outcomes has led researchers to uncover mediators, of which this article argues efficacy should be considered. Self-efficacy, one’s belief in their capability to accomplish a task or goal, can be measured in multiple domains of functioning and contexts to predict behavior. The current study examines possible specificity in the relation between discrimination (general discrimination [GD] and school discrimination [SD]) and efficacy (academic efficacy [AE] and efficacy to combat discrimination [ECD]), whether resilience modifies these associations, and if these processes differ by gender. 879 Black youth (47% female; mean age = 12, SD = 0.58) were included in the analyses. Findings suggest that school discrimination experiences perceived resilience impact domains of efficacy differently. Resilience positively impacted AE, but no significant moderation effects were found.

Background: Most oral language assessments measure competency in just one language, which risks describing multilingual children by their deficits as opposed to capturing their knowledge across languages (assets). Methods: The Multi-Language Assessment (MLA) was developed to be a brief, direct tool to capture young children’s expressive language skills across three languages. This study explored its use in a longitudinal design that followed kindergartners (N = 200, with exposure to three languages (English, Kiswahili, Kikamba) over 7 months in government schools in rural Kenya. Results: The MLA loaded on a single factor (0.21–0.60), was valid for the construct, stable, reliably administered (97% consistency), and informative as a supplement to measurements of reading achievement. There was sufficient power to describe individual changes in language use as well as predictive power. It explained 26% of the variance in letter sounds and 21% of the variance in spelling. Conclusions: It was most sensitive to showing language changes over time for children with middle and lower abilities. Children who could demonstrate complete or partial knowledge of concepts, improved their mastery and expressed some preference for mother tongue. The MLA fills a gap to capture the expressive language skills of young children in multilingual environments.

Liver cancer represents the most common neoplasm in the liver. Among the different existing subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma, the fibrolamellar variant represents less than 5% of liver carcinomas. We present the case of a 25-year-old male with fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma managed with left hepatectomy with a pathological report of negative margins, but with recurrence within the right hepatic duct.

Chlorine dioxide is a potent oxidant with in vitro anticancer activity. Its precise mechanism of action has not been thoroughly explored, but it is proposed that it acts through the redox imbalance of cancer cells. Three patients were treated for metastatic cancer (kidney, prostate  and lymphoma), on a compassionate basis. We report lasting tumor response with a combination of oral, enema and/or intravenous chlorine dioxide, without side effects. The patients had refused conventional chemotherapy, radiation therapy or immunotherapy. This preliminary work suggest that chlorine dioxide and his free radicals might be the mediators. Chlorine dioxide is both a promising and unexpensive anticancer agent. Rigorous clinical trials are needed to confirm these preliminary results.Keywords: Chlorine dioxide solution, cancer, reactive oxygen species, intermittent fasting, ketogenic diet

• Bio-SELEX allows the identification of new biomarkers from biological samples. • Three steps are essential to perform Bio-SELEX; 1) Traditional SELEX, 2) Pull down, and 3) Mass spectrometry. • Bio-SELEX strategy allows the identification of biomarkers for infectious and non-infectious diseases. The SELEX strategy was discovered in 1990 by two groups of independent researchers [Tuerk and Gold 1990; Ellington and Szostak 1990]. This technique makes it possible to obtain aptamers, which are ssDNA and ssRNA molecules, which adopt unique three-dimensional (3D) structures allowing them to recognize specific targets with high affinity and specificity. Since then, the creation of multiple variations of the SELEX technique has evolved. Negative-SELEX [Ellington and Szostak 1992], Counter-SELEX [Jenison et al. 1994], Capillary electrophoresis SELEX (CE-SELEX) [Mendosa and Bowser 2004], Microfluidic-SELEX [Lou et al. 2009], Cell-SELEX [Daniels et al. 2003] are some of the variants that, based on advances in molecular biology, biomedical engineering, and biotechnology have improved the time of acquisition and the ability to recognition of the aptamers by different types of targets. Our research group has been developing a variant of the SELEX strategy that can be adaptable to multiple studies. Therefore, we report a new SELEX strategy modification to identify new biomarkers from biological samples called Bio-SELEX. The word Bio refers to the search for biomarkers and the biological nature of the samples used to obtain them.

Root traits play significant roles in plant resource-use strategies, and are good predictors of plant growth and survival. However, their predicting role in phytoremediation remains poorly understood. In this study, sixteen root traits were measured across eleven woody species grown in Pb-Zn mine tailings of Southeastern China, to examine whether there is a hypothesized root economics spectrum (RES) under extremely high level of multiple HM stressors and to evaluate the importance of root traits in explaining phytoremediation functioning. Our findings provide evidence for a multidimensional root economics spectrum (RES) including one main trend of ‘slow-fast’ strategy, and a trend representing a trade-off between root system size and root tissue density. Another trade-off between root cadmium concentration and root dry matter content implied the existence of a presumable biomass cost for heavy metal accumulation, which was proved to be constrained by RES. Root traits explained HM translocation and bioconcentration and linked with phytoremediation services: roots with more acquisitive traits promote HM translocation, whilst conservative roots fostered bioconcentration. This study highlights the important role of root size-related traits in the RES framework, and would support the trait-based selection of nurse plants to restore ecosystem functions.

We show that the Reynolds averaged equations for compressible fluids (neglecting third order correlations) are well-posed in H s when the pressure vanishes in dimensions d=2 and 3. In order to do this, we show that the system is Friedrichs-symmetrizable. This model belongs to the class of non-conservative hyperbolic systems. Hence the usual symmetrisation method for conservation laws can not be used here.

There is growing interest in the design and fabrication of next-generation plant-based (NG-PB) foods that have physicochemical and functional properties that simulate those of traditional animal-based foods, like meat, seafood, egg, and dairy products. Many of these products can be considered as colloidal materials containing particles or polymers that determine their properties, which means that these properties can be understood using soft matter physics concepts. The rheological properties of NG-PB foods may vary widely, including low viscosity fluids (like milk), high viscosity fluids (creams), soft solids (like yogurt), and hard solids (like some cheeses). For manufacturers of NG-PB foods to mimic this broad range of products it is important to have theoretical models to identify, predict, and control the key parameters impacting their textural attributes. In this article, the theoretical models developed to describe the properties of fluid, semi-solid, and solid colloidal dispersions are described, and their potential for improving the design and fabrication of NG-PB foods is highlighted. In the future, it will be important to establish the most appropriate models for different categories of NG-PB foods and to determine their range of applications.

For the purpose of heavy metals’ spatial-temporal trends and source allocation in arable soil with the rapid urbanization in Western China, samples were collected in two stages (2008 and 2017) in Chengdu city which was chosen for the case study. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor models and Multivariate statistical analysis were used to understand the heavy metals’ spatial-temporal variability. The results showed that Cd, Cr, and As in arable soil were presented with an increasing trend during the 10-year period. Semi-variation analysis showed that the block basis ratios of the five heavy metals (Pb, As, Cr, Hg, and Cd) showed an increasing trend, which suggests that the spatial distribution of heavy metals in arable soil is more influenced by human disturbances. The source analysis shows that the enrichment of As is closely related to agricultural activities in both phases (2008 and 2017). Further source analysis showed that source of As did not change, but the contribution increased significantly. The main sources of Hg pollution changed from agricultural activities to medical equipment manufacturing, Cd changed from soil parent material sources to chemical industry waste emissions, and the sources of Pb and Cr expanded from single transportation sources to multiple sources such as road traffic and human construction. In this study, the examining of the temporal and spatial patterns of heavy metal contamination in farmland of typical rapidly developing cities in China can also provide a basis for the conservation and management of arable soil in similar areas in the context of rapid urbanization in China.

The objective in this work is to present a new concept of p-th mean pseudo almost automorphic by use of the measure theory. We use the ( µ,ν)-ergodic process to define the spaces of ( µ,ν)-pseudo almost automorphic process of class r in the p-th sense. To do this, firstly we show some interesting results regarding the completeness and composition theorems. Secondly we study the existence, uniqueness of the p-th mean ( µ,ν)-pseudo almost automorphic solution of class r for the stochastic evolution equation. AMS Subject Classification : 60H15 ; 60G20 ; 34K30 ; 34K50 ; 43A60.

Meningitis and Endocarditis as a Sequela of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Mastoiditis: A Case Report Running Title: Meningitis, Endocarditis, Mastoiditis  as a Variant of Austrian SyndromeDr. Mitchell Peebles, DO, PGY-1 Internal Medicine Resident at Texas Health Harris Methodist Hospital, Fort Worth, TexasEmail Address: mitchellpeebles@texashealth.orgDr. Mehnaz Roshani, MD, Internal Medicine Core Faculty at Texas Health Harris Methodist Hospital, Fort Worth, TexasEmail Address: mehnazroshani@texashealth.orgKumaraman Srivastava, MS3 at Anne Marion Burnett School of Medicine at TCU, Fort Worth, TexasEmail Address: k.srivastava@tcu.eduCorresponding Author: Kumaraman SrivastavaEthical Statement: The authors of this study had the required consent from the patient involved in this case report.Data Availability Statement: All data can be found in the article and no other data or materials were used.Acknowledgements: N/AConflicts of Interest: Authors state no conflicts of interest.Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for more than 50% of all bacterial meningitis and has a case fatality rate of 22% in adults1. In addition, Streptococcus pneumoniae is also one of the most common causes of acute otitis media, a known cause of mastoiditis. However, in conjunction with bacteremia and endocarditis, limited evidence is able to be identified2. This sequence of infections also closely relates to Austrian syndrome. Otherwise known as Osler’s triad, Austrian syndrome is a rare phenomenon of meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia secondary to Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteriemia that was first delineated by Robert Austrian in 19563. The incidence of Austrian syndrome is reported to be less than <0.0001% per year and has decreased significantly since the initial usage of penicillin in 19414. Despite this, the mortality rate of Austrian syndrome is still around 32%5. Despite an extensive literature review, we were unable to find any reported cases of variants of Austrian syndrome that include mastoiditis as the primary insult. As such, we present a unique presentation of Austrian syndrome with mastoiditis, endocarditis, and meningitis with complex medical management that led to resolution for the patient.Objective: To discuss the presentation, progression, and complex medical management of a rare triad of mastoiditis, meningitis, and endocarditis occurring in a patient.Key Clinical Message: Austrian Syndrome classically consists of meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia. A literature review, however, does not show variants of this triad. Our case highlights a unique variant of Austrian Syndrome with mastoiditis, meningitis, and endocarditis which requires immediate recognition and treatment to prevent devastating patient outcomes.Case report: A 78-year-old man with past medical history of resected prostate cancer, pheochromocytoma, and obstructive sleep apnea presented to the emergency department due to altered mental status, right-sided whole-body weakness, and expressive aphasia. The patient’s wife reported that the patient was shivering and lethargic and his last known normal was determined to be 14 hours prior to presentation. The patient’s recent medical history was remarkable for planned procedure to undergo bilateral eustachian tube placement. The patient developed a fever up to 103 F in the emergency department and initial labs revealed a leukocytosis of 12 with lactic acid of 1.67. Further imaging included CT scan of the head as well as CTA head and neck which did not reveal any acute abnormalities other than a right-sided tympanomastoid effusion FIGURE 1. The physical exam on admission was significant for altered mental status, agitation, and subjective nuchal rigidity. Moreover, the patient was incoherent, a significant decline from his baseline independence according to his wife. The patient received a fluid bolus and Cefepime in the ED prior to hospital admission. An attempt to obtain a lumbar puncture in the ED was also unsuccessful due to the patient’s increased agitation. Upon admittance to the hospital, Vancomycin and Ceftriaxone at central nervous system dosing were administered to the patient for empiric coverage of meningitis. Furthermore, blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae . On hospital day 2, another attempt at lumbar puncture under fluoroscopy was attempted but was unsuccessful due to repeated patient agitation. Lumbar puncture was finally obtained on hospital day 3 under sedation with the following CSF findings consistent with bacterial meningitis: FIGURE 2CSF cultures showed no growth and ENT was consulted for further evaluation of right tympanomastoid effusion secondary to mastoiditis. Patient underwent right mastoidectomy with bilateral myringotomy with ear tube insertion on hospital day 3. The mastoid bone was noted to be sclerotic and the mastoid air cells were filled with inflammatory tissue. Vancomycin was also discontinued on hospital day 4 after cultures revealed sensitivity to Ceftriaxone.Further workup included a transthoracic echocardiogram which revealed an immobile mitral valve echo-density measuring 0.7 cm in diameter associated with chordal structures of the anterior mitral leaflet without evidence of mitral regurgitation or mitral stenosis FIGURE 3. This strongly suggested endocarditis and infectious diseases and cardiology were consulted and determined transesophageal echocardiogram was not required to confirm the diagnosis. As such, the decision was made to extend the patient’s ceftriaxone for 6 weeks for treatment of endocarditis. However, the patient developed significant surgical site bleeding on hospital day 6 which was presumed to be due to ceftriaxone-induced thrombocytopenia, so ceftriaxone was stopped, and Vancomycin was restarted. The patient also had elevated fibrinogen suggesting possible disseminated intravascular coagulation so a dose of cryoprecipitate was given, and the patient’s platelet and fibrinogen levels stabilized after hospital day 9. The patient had deconditioned significantly from his baseline status so physical therapy was initiated and the patient responded very well. On hospital day 10, a peripherally inserted central catheter line was placed so that the patient could continue to receive IV antibiotics at home. The patient was stable for home discharge on hospital day 11.Discussion/Conclusion:Austrian’s syndrome has been typically described as meningitis, endocarditis, and pneumonia with multiple case reports and case series describing the difficulties of managing this complex disease. There is, however, no published cases that demonstrate a variant of Austrian syndrome with the triad of mastoiditis, endocarditis, and meningitis. In this patient’s case, the tympanomastoid effusion may have been the initial insult that led to mastoiditis. Moreover, meningitis has been described in several cases as a rather uncommon complication of mastoiditis6,7. Furthermore, the etiology of the patient’s endocarditis was likely due to meningitis8, but there are some case reports that suggest that mastoiditis may also directly cause endocarditis9. Our patient initially presented with altered mental status with multiple failed attempts at a lumbar puncture due to agitation, so we initiated empiric coverage of meningitis with vancomycin and ceftriaxone10. Notably, we did not add ampicillin because our clinical suspicion ofListeria monocytogenes was extremely low. Initial CT scans revealed a right tympanomastoid effusion which we believed was the nidus of infection. Prompt ENT intervention surgically removed the right mastoid bone to alleviate the probable bacterial source, but our patient unfortunately developed post-operative DIC which is a known complication of both meningitis and head/neck surgery11,12. Ceftriaxone was stopped due to incidences of ceftriaxone-induced thrombocytopenia and cryoprecipitate was given with resolution of the patient’s uncontrolled bleeding. Our patient endured several complications due to his complex interaction of diseases, but we were able to treat him effectively. As such, this case report presents an exceptionally distinct variant of a rare phenomenon in Austrian syndrome with complex medical management that resulted in complete recovery of the patient.

Rabies is an ancient neuroinvasive viral (genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae) disease affecting approximately 59,000 people worldwide. The central nervous system (CNS) is targeted, and rabies has a case fatality rate of almost 100% in humans and animals. Rabies is entirely preventable through proper vaccination, and thus, the highest incidence is typically observed in developing countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. However, there are still cases in European countries and the US. Recently, demographic, increasing income levels, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have caused a massive raising in the animal population, enhancing the need for preventive measures (e.g., vaccination, surveillance, animal control programs), post-exposure prophylaxis, and a better understanding of rabies pathophysiology to identify therapeutic targets, since there is no effective treatment after the onset of clinical manifestations. Here we review the neuroimmune biology and mechanisms of rabies. Its pathogenesis involves a complex and poorly understood modulation of immune and brain functions associated with metabolic, synaptic, and neuronal impairments, resulting in fatal outcomes without significant histopathological lesions in the CNS. In this context, the neuroimmunological and neurochemical aspects of excitatory/inhibitory signaling (e.g., GABA/glutamate crosstalk) are likely related to the clinical manifestations of rabies infection. Uncovering new links between immunopathological mechanisms and neurochemical imbalance will be essential to identify novel potential therapeutic targets to reduce rabies morbidity and mortality.

A 2-month-old boy presented to the former emergency department with a fever of 38 ° C and hypoxemia and respiratory failure. He was transferred to our hospital on suspicion of myocarditis because he had an enlarged chest X-ray, a 30% EF, a decrease in left heart function, and an increase in myocardial deviation enzyme(CK-MB 149.8 IU/L, TnT-1（＋）). Echocardiography revealed dilation and poor contraction of left ventricle and no abnormalities in the origin of the coronary arteries (Figure1A, B), and treatment with cardiac stimulants, antibiotics, and IVIG was started for myocarditis. After that, his cardiac function did not improve, and contrast-enhanced CT was taken on day 12. He was diagnosed with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). The LCA diverged from the right PA instead of the main PA (Figure1C). Coronary transplantation was performed on day 13. The postoperative course was uneventful, and he was transferred to our hospital on the 21st day after the operation.ALCAPA mostly originates from the left posterior sinus at the root of the PA, which can lead to coronary steal syndrome and myocardial ischemia, and the incidence of the disease is approximately 1/3,00,000, accounting for 0.25% to 0.5% of congenital heart disease(1, 2). In this case, the LCA diverged from the right PA instead of the main PA, which is extremely rare and has never been reported before. This difference in bifurcation might make the diagnosis of ALCAPA on echocardiography more difficult.ALCAPA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myocarditis, and contrast-enhanced CT or catheterization should be considered even if coronary artery abnormalities are not detected on echocardiography.

Reptiles and amphibians have been recognised as being some of the world’s most at-risk species from the impacts of human development. In particular, roads have been identified as having a significant impact on herpetofauna due to roadkill and fragmentation. Despite road mortality affecting herpetofauna greater than other species, the topic of wildlife vehicle collision (WVC) studies, which influence mitigation, is biased towards larger species due to higher human costs from WVCs. In addition to mitigation research, government funding for species protection and recovery has also been found to be highly disproportionate among species groups. This bias has resulted in a lack of research on effectiveness and clear and consistent guidance on mitigation for smaller animals such as reptiles and amphibians. Wildlife fencing is one method of mitigation that has proven to help reduce WVCs and can help maintain connectivity when combined with wildlife crossings. There have been more studies in recent years that have focused on herpetofauna mitigation and these have helped inform best practice guidance. In this article we review current freely available best practice guidance for fencing designed to manage conflict of herpetofauna around transport networks from across the world. We have summarised findings that compare and highlight key factors that include the following: Material type, Fence height, and Fence features. Combining factors from existing guidance, recent research and our practical observations on mitigation projects, we provide a summary of recommendations along with diagrams and descriptions that reflect the analysed guidance. We also identify and highlight any areas that may need further research and investigation to help build upon the status quo and enable us to better utilise fencing as a conflict management tool for herpetofauna.

In this work, a nonlinear model predictive control is proposed for a DC-DC boost converter, with a partially-saturating ferrite-core inductor. A nonlinear behavioral inductor model is exploited, identified through experimental measurements, which takes into account both magnetic saturation and losses. Simulation results show that the converter output voltage is correctly regulated by fulfilling the imposed current constraints. Comparisons with traditional control techniques are also presented.

Quincke’s Disease: Isolated Uvular Angioedema, A Disease Entity of Unknown Etiology.

Deception jamming poses a fatal threat to the radar performance. Distributed multi-radar fusion system is an important development trend of radar deception ECCM. However, its construction conditions are harsh. It is of great importance to improve the deception ECCM ability of monostatic radar. This letter applies the RIS to monostatic radar, constructing a virtual multi-radar detection channels combined with the multi-beam receiving technology. Then, the data fusion-based deception ECCM method for multi-radar system is used to improve the anti-jamming ability of monostatic radar. Simulation results corroborate the deception ECCM ability of the proposed RIS aided virtual multi-radar system.

A document by Kelly Gomez-Campo. Click on the document to view its contents.

Despite the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing the severity of the disease, the demand for booster is increasing in vulnerable populations like elderly and immunocompromised individuals especially with each new wave of COVID-19 in different countries. There is limited data on the sustained immunity against COVID-19 in patients with liver cirrhosis. The study was aimed to compare the T-cell and humoral immune response after one year of ChAdOx1nCoV-19 Vaccine in patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy health-care workers (HCW). This was a prospective observational study including 36 HCW,19 liver cirrhosis patients and 10 unvaccinated individuals. Anti-SARS-CoV-2S antibody, neutralizing antibody and memory T-cell subsets were evaluated by ELISA and flow cytometry respectively in all three groups after one year of initial vaccination. Compared to HCW and unvaccinated individuals, liver cirrhosis patients had significantly depleted T-cells, although CD4:CD8+ T-cell ratio was normal. Significant difference was noted in various memory subsets [effector memory RA (P= 0.141, P= 0.000), effector memory (P= 0.000, P= 0.00), central memory (P= 0.000, P= 0.00), stem cell memory (P= 0.009, P= 0.08) and naïve (P= 0.000, P= 0.02)] of CD4+T and CD8+T respectively. However, on post-hoc analysis no difference was noted in the extent of memory T-cells between cirrhotic patients and HCW. Patients with liver cirrhosis developed comparable memory T-cells after vaccination which can evoke sustainable immune response on reinfection. Therefore, additional vaccine doses may not be necessary for cirrhosis patients.

There is a lack of information on the complete genomic profile of the hepatitis delta virus in Afghanistan. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the molecular profile of complete genome of hepatitis delta virus in individuals who are positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen in the general population of Afghanistan. A total of 234 hepatitis B antigen-positive sera were analyzed by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay to detect anti-delta antibodies. Serologically positive samples were later confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Subsequently, the whole genome was amplified using two set of primers generate two partially overlapping segments and later sequenced. Phylogenetic comparison and evolutionary divergence analysis was performed with the MEGA7 software package. The coinfection rate among hepatitis B antigen carriers in Afghanistan was 2.1%. Finally, the whole genome of 4 hepatitis delta virus isolates from Afghanistan was successfully amplified, all of which were later assigned to genotype I in phylogenetic analysis. The amino acid composition of the hepatitis delta antigen and its functional motifs were consistent with genotype 1, but the subtype-specific amino acid signature illustrated different potential subtypes.

Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is an ecologically and economically important forest tree native to the northeastern United States. We present a chromosome-scale, haplotype-resolved genome of Q. rubra, a representative red oak species, generated by the combination of PacBio sequences and chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) scaffolding. This is the first reference genome from the red oak clade (section Lobatae). The Q. rubra assembly spans 739 Megabases (Mb) with 95.27% of the genome sequences scaffolded into 12 chromosomes and 33,333 protein-coding genes. Comparisons to the genomes of Q. lobata and Q. mongolica reveal high collinearity, with intrachromosomal structural variants present. Orthologous gene family analysis with other oak and rosid tree species revealed that gene families associated with defense response were expanding and contracting simultaneously across the Q. rubra genome. Quercus rubra had the most CC-NBS-LRR and TIR-NBS-LRR resistance genes out of the nine species analyzed. Terpene synthase gene family comparisons further reveal tandem gene duplications in TPS-b subfamily, similar to Q. robur. Single major QTL regions were identified for vegetative bud break and marcescence which contain candidate genes for further research, including a putative ortholog of the circadian clock constituent cryptochrome (CRY2) and a family of eight tandemly duplicated genes for serine protease inhibitors, respectively. Genome-environment associations across natural populations identified candidate abiotic stress tolerance genes and predicted performance in a common garden. This high-quality red oak genome represents an essential resource to the oak genomics community which will further supplement the knowledge of Quercus genomics.

We are reporting a case of toxic epidermal necrosis induced by herbal medicine in a 54-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with primary Sjogren’s syndrome for nine years and had discontinued all conventional therapies for at least one year. Approximately two weeks prior to her current admission, she developed crops of petechiae and purpuric macules on her lower extremities, which are typical symptoms of hypergammaglobulinemic purpura of Waldenström, and began taking herbal medicine. The following day, she presented to us with a high fever and new, generalized erythematous rashes over her face and trunk. She was ultimately diagnosed with toxic epidermal necrosis induced by the herbal medicine.

Currently, robots play an important part in many sectors, including military application. The Frame structure is an essential element of the any robot vehicle since it supports the whole weight operating on the robot vehicle as well as other sections of the robot. As the outcomes, it has to be able to sustain shock, twist, vibration, as well as other stresses. High stress & total deformation is key performance indicator of Frame. This research is deals with optimization of the different kind of material for military operation robot vehicle on the basis of stress and maximum deformation. The ANSYS workbench is used to do static structural analysis of the Robot frame. CATIA software is used to design the robot frame. Firstly we prepare 3D model of Robot frame as per Requirement then analysis for different types of material such as Structural Steel, Aluminum Alloy & ABS Plastic and after optimization we can perform the Modal Analysis of optimized material

A document by Turkan Turgay. Click on the document to view its contents.