Fresh flowers of Prunus mume var. alphandii and Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link were used as the experimental material which extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). Used the gas chromatography flight mass spectrometry (GC- Q-TOF/MS) to separate and identify the chemical constituents of Prunus mume var. alphandii and Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link. Sixty-five volatile components of Prunus mume var. alphandii were identified by gas chromatography flight mass spectrometry, the relative content of the components weredeterminated by area normalization. One hundred and forty four volatile components of Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link were identified by gas chromatography flight mass spectrometry, the relative content of the components weredeterminated by area normalization. For the identified components，terpenoids were the main volatile composition of the two kinds of flowers, including oxygen derivatives, terpenes, terpene alcohols, terpene esters and a handful of aliphatic compounds. The experimental results showed that the components of Prunus mume var. alphandii and Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link were quite different, so the use value of two kinds of flowers should be discriminatory. The study provides a theoretical basis for classification of the two kinds of flowers and for the development and utilization of them. ….

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome with high short-term mortality. Rapidly occurring or exacerbated thrombocytopenia which is closely associated with adverse clinical outcomes has been frequently observed in ACLF patients. Novel approaches are needed to clarify how thrombocytopenia occurs and how platelet function is altered in ACLF patients. Using phosphorylated proteomic approaches with circulating platelets from five pairs of ACLF patients, we discovered that altered proteins might compromise regulation of actin cytoskeleton in circulating platelets from ACLF patients ceased within 28 days compared with those who survived. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the phosphoproteomic profile of circulating platelets in patients with liver failure. This dataset will be helpful for further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying thrombocytopenia and its potential pathogenic roles in ACLF.

This study examined the stability and change patterns among toddlers’ interactions with their teachers, teachers’ sensitivity, and toddlers’ development during the COVID-19 pandemic and the three plausible paths were tested to identify which of the study variables affected the developmental trajectories in toddlers over time. Sixty- three toddlers and six head teachers from a childcare center in Korea were sampled. The data on toddler-teacher interaction and teachers’ sensitivity were collected by observation during free play using a camera, and the toddler’s temperament and development were assessed by his or her mother. Toddlers who had been actively involved in initiating their verbal interactions with teachers showed more verbal interactions with their teachers even after 4 months passed. Also, the study found that the early (T1) social disposition of toddlers and the behavioral interaction that toddlers had initiated with teachers revealed each of the simultaneous, cumulative, and complex effects. These results support the contention that the nature of interactions vary by contexts of subject, time, and socio-history, and new competencies should be required for teachers within the multi-faceted pandemic and its ramifications on toddler development.

Introduction Emergent mental illness during adolescence affects daily functioning, causing disruption to daily activities, routines, and patterns. Multiple inter-related personal, social and environmental determinants influence the onset, nature and subsequent course of those difficulties. Research suggests a bi-directional relationship exists between mental health and activity choices. Activity-focused interventions such as occupational therapy may improve adolescent mental health related outcomes. In this study, we identify and select which activity-related determinants should be prioritised in the development of an occupation therapy-based intervention for adolescents with emerging mental health difficulties using expert consensus. Method A modified two-round Delphi survey method was conducted with occupational therapists and researchers to ascertain a consensus opinion on the prioritisation of specific activity-related determinants that influence 16-to 17-year-olds’ Results Eighty-nine determinants were identified and prioritised. Fourteen of these were personal activity-related determinants including ‘types of activity’ in which young people engage, the ‘balance of activities’ in which they engage, their ‘over and under consumptions of activities’, and their ‘underdeveloped occupation-based coping skills’. The expert panel prioritised ‘personal self-confidence’, ‘values’, and ‘perception of confidence’ in relation to the activities adolescents do. Conclusions This study generated a detailed picture of the activity-related determinants that are important in adolescence, and aligns with the adolescent model of occupational choice. Our findings have potential to inform activity-related intervention development and policy. Further research is needed, particularly to understand young people’s perspectives on these determinants and to investigate the determinants that would benefit from further empirical research.

Introduction and stabilization of oxygen vacancies on hematite is an effective strategy for boosting photo-Fenton performance. Herein, a novel hydrothermal carbonization process was utilized to induce oxygen vacancies on hematite to obtain amorphous carbon encapsulated core-shell composite (Fe2O3-x@AC), using ascorbic acid as reducing agent and carbon source. Amorphous carbon was coated on hematite by Fe-O-C bond with a mass fraction of 10.2 wt%. Compared with commercial hematite, the signal appeared at g=2.003 in EPR spectrum of Fe2O3-x@AC composite, confirming the formation of oxygen vacancies (Vo). Thanks to the introduction of AC and Vo, Fe2O3-x@AC composite showed excellent photo-Fenton activities, and its photo-Fenton degradation rate for RhB and phenol were increased to 7 and 70 times of commercial hematite. •OH generated from heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction of Fe2O3-x@AC catalyst is the dominant reactive radical for organic pollutants degradation. The improvement of photo-Fenton properties of Fe2O3-x@AC is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of AC and Vo, in which the decomposition of H2O2 to produce •OH was promoted to enhance the oxidation ability, and the charge transfer ability and carrier density were increased to accelerate the reaction. This work will give new light for the defect engineering of photo-Fenton catalysts with improved reactivity.

While research has shown that sensitive and controlling parenting behaviors influence infant development, few studies have used a micro-analytic approach to compare the frequency of occurrence of these behaviors according to parent and child gender, and have examined how these phenomena change during infancy. This study aimed to investigate differences in the frequency of sensitive and controlling behaviors during parent-child play according to parent gender, infant gender, and time. Both parents of 67 families participated in dyadic play interactions when their child was 3 (T1), 9 (T2), and 18 (T3) months old. We took into account four types of behaviors: “observing and validating the infant’s behaviors” and “sharing joint activities with the child” were considered sensitive behaviors, whereas “stimulating the child” and “interfering with the child’s interest” were considered controlling behaviors. Results of generalized linear mixed models showed that mothers at T1 showed more interference than fathers did, whereas parents at T3 observed and validated girls less frequently than they did boys. Time effects showed an increase in interference and joint activities and a decrease in stimulation and observation, which suggests that the type of controlling and sensitive behavior changes as the child develops.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and acute myocardial infarction than the average population. Early diagnosis of SCZ patients with subclinical atherosclerosis is great importance in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a well-studied marker of early atherosclerosis. Methods: Fifty-one SCZ patients (20 females, 31 males) and 55 healthy controls (HCs) (25 females, 30 males) were included in the study. Electrocardiography (ECG), lipid parameters, hemogram, and biochemistry values of the participants were taken. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting triglycerides, and total cholesterol were measured. The arrhythmogenic index of plasma (AIP) was analyzed. Results: The mean age was 36.64±7.81 years in the SCZ group and 38.50±7.29 years in the HCs group. QT interval (p=0.035), CIMT-left (p=0.008), CIMT-right (p=0.002), fasting triglyceride (p=0.005), AIP (p=0.005) in the SCZ group compared to HCs (<0.001) was statistically higher, while HDL (p=0.003) was statistically lower. According to Pearson correlation analysis, CIMT-left was positively correlated with age and QT interval (r=0.568, p<0.001 and r= 0.589, p<0.001, respectively). CIMT-right value was also positively correlated with age and QT interval (r=0.533, p<0.001 and r= 0.555, p<0.001, respectively). QT interval positively and significantly predicted CIMT-left and CIMT-right (p<0.001, β=0.549 and p=0.001 and β=0.506 accordingly). Conclusion: Considering that antipsychotic treatments can cause dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and being overweight, efforts should be made to detect and correct these additional cardiovascular risk factors early in SCZ patients.

The field of anion supramolecular chemistry has received more and more attention in recent years. Anions with diverse types and geometries have been widely used for the synthesis of ionic spin crossover (SCO) complexes. This review is devoted to anion effects on the molecular, supramolecular structures and magnetic properties of discrete SCO compounds. Firstly, typical anions used in the synthesis of these compounds are briefly summarized according to their various geometries. This is followed by a collection of representative examples of anion-based SCO compounds, whose SCO properties are analyzed in terms of supramolecular interactions, geometry and charge of anions. In the third part, anion effects on SCO complexes of different kinds of metal centers and ligands are outlined and finally remarks on the synthesis new type of ionic SCO complexes in the future are described.

Blockchain is emerging as a solution to secure healthcare records but faces certain shortcomings like transaction time, execution time, gas consumption, etc. The current article designed an extensive blockchain-based healthcare system (MyEasyHeathcare) with reduced gas consumption and execution time, along with enhanced security at three levels. At the first level, the professionals and patients get registered, which provides identity access management. Secondly, authorization is required for each registered entity by the owners. Lastly, the third level includes a doctor-patient relationship where a specific patient is assigned to a particular doctor by the hospital’s owner. The data is protected from the outer world and is preserved only between the doctor and the patient. Moreover, to include the majority of tasks for hospital management, the developed system incorporates a smart contract to record seven different parameters for patient diagnosis by physician and fifteen different parameters by a pathologist. The designed system is evaluated for the amount of gas consumed and execution cost to decide the usage in the real world; the results testify the proposed system is useful in the real world.

A document by Mohamad Abou Auda. Click on the document to view its contents.

A new species, Centaurea osmaniyensis (Asteraceae) was described and illustrated here and is only known from Bahçe district in Osmaniye Province in Türkiye. The species belongs to sect. Cynaroides Bunge and it is closely related to C. regia subp. cynarocephala. The ecology and phenology of new species, descriptions, images, the identification key, seed, pollen micromorphology and the IUCN threat category of the new species were presented. In addition, the geographical distribution of Centaurea osmaniyensis and C. regia subp. cynarocephala were provided

To date, most studies of response to the anti-interleukin 5 agent, mepolizumab, has identified eosinophils as the main clinical biomarker of response. However, many patients with eosinophilic asthma still fail to demonstrate clinical response to mepolizumab. In this study, we evaluate the association of 26 cytokines and chemokines, including T-helper 1 (Th1)-, Th2-, Th17-related cytokines and alarmins, with response to mepolizumab. We defined clinical response to mepolizumab as a reduction in the baseline annual exacerbation rate by at least half over the one-year period following initiation of mepolizumab. Our results suggest that, asides the peripheral eosinophil count, the levels of the CC motif chemokine 22 (CCL22), IL-13, and CXCL10, but not levels of IL-5, were higher in responders. These three and IL-17F, IL-23, and IL-8 had the greatest differential between responders and nonresponders to mepolizumab. Cytokines and chemokines associated with airway eosinophilia, such as CCL22 and CXCL10, may be better predictors of clinical response to mepolizumab than IL-5, the target of mepolizumab.

Backgroun：Esophageal cancer is insidious, with recurrent metastasis and chemotherapy resistance as primary reasons for treatment failure. Recent interest has focused on the molecular mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment, which remain largely unknown. Methods：TAMs were examined using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Seventy-seven normal paracancerous tissues and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumor samples were compared using immunohistochemical methods. Molecular mechanisms were identified using Transwell, Western blotting, Fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, CCK 8, and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: M2 TAMs were significantly elevated in ESCC tissues. M2 TAMs contributed to ESCC development and resistance to treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Elevated CD163 + TAMs in patients with ESCC correlate with an unfavorable prognosis. We found that TAMs release macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which regulates the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp), and Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) to promote drug resistance and stimulate phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. Conclusion:Our findings demonstrate that MIF performs a functional role in the macrophage-mediated resistance of ESCC cells to cisplatin and that targeting MIF may serve as a strategy for molecular therapy.

In recent years Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been recognized as the most excellent substitute for petroleum and diesel-powered vehicles in the automotive industry, practically contributing to almost zero carbon emissions. Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are mainly utilized to power EVs, but certain drawbacks include temperature dependency, sluggish charging, battery ageing, etc. Estimating the state of charge is important to improve the performance and robust utilization of LIBs. The state of charge of lithium-ion batteries is directly related to their safety and efficiency, while practical calculation remains challenging for real-time applications. Here, this paper uses artificial neural network-based machine learning and deep learning approaches to estimate the battery state of charge. The battery parameters have been accurately integrated as input for the models. The proposed model’s accuracy, reliability, and robustness are evaluated using available datasets. The mean absolute error was found in the range of 0.0030 to 0.0035, and root mean square errors 0.0043 to 0.0047 were obtained at 0 and 10 °C operating temperatures. The results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves more satisfactory accuracy and robustness, which is essential for the battery management system (BMS) to make accurate decisions.

Two experiment examined the effect of relative accuracy and social characteristic strength on selective trust in young children aged 4-6. Experiment 1 manipulated relative accuracy, the results revealed that when the accuracy difference is relatively small, children’s choice of accurate dissenter turned into: 4 and 5 years old children chose consensus with low accuracy, 6 years old children chose dissenter with high accuracy ; Experiment 2 manipulated the strength of social characteristics, the results revealed that when the social characteristics were enhanced, 4 and 5 years old children chose smiling inaccurate consensus, 6 year old children chose serious accurate lone informant. To sum up, in conflict situations, relative accuracy and social characteristic strength can all influence children’s selective trust; moreover, this study further verified that the ability to make rational decisions of children would be more and more rational with age.

ABSTRACT: Backgr ound : Vaccination is an important method for the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. There is currently a lack of real-world clinical data regarding the safety and efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) vaccines with respect to plaque psoriasis treatment involving tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)- 17A inhibitors. Method s: We longitudinally analyzed 152 patients with plaque psoriasis, 86 of whom received two doses of inactivated COVID- 19 vaccine (either BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac). Comparisons were made between patients undergoing treatment with biologics (TNF- α inhibitors or IL- 17A inhibitors) or acitretin. Routine blood tests were used to assess safety; the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were used to assess efficacy. Results: After inactivated COVID- 19 vaccination, biologics retained considerable advantages in terms of improving skin lesions (measured by PASI) and quality of life (measured by DLQI), compared with conventional treatment (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Routine blood tests and hepatorenal function analyses suggested that inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines did not alter the safety of biologics treatment (p>0.05). Conclusions: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines do not have significant impacts on the safety and efficacy of biologics (TNF-α inhibitors or IL- 17A inhibitors) in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.

Introduction: Periodontitis in patients with diabetes mellitus results in chronic inflammation, which is the central issue in developing an efficient and consistent treatment plan. Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen presenting cells that initiate the immune inflammatory responses and contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases. In this study, we investigated the impact of hyperglycemic microenvironment on DC immunometabolism, the cell phenotypes and immunogenic functions. Methodology: Human monocyte differentiated DC and mice bone marrow derived DC were cultured in the presence of 5.5-, 11-, and 25- mM glucose to simulate diabetic microenvironment. Cells were activated with advanced-glycation-end product (AGE) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Porphyromanas gingivalis for 24 hours and processed for transcription, metabolic and microscopic analysis. Expression of activation markers (CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR) and proteins involved in glycolysis (HK2, LDHA, GLUT1) in DC were calculated by qRT-PCR. Lactic acid production and OXPHOS assays, including Seahorse metabolic flux analyzer were utilized to determine the effects on metabolism. Impact on the phagocytic capacity was analyzed using fluorescent microspheres uptake. Cytokine expressions for tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF- α ], interleukin [IL]-1 β , IL-6, IL-10, and Interferon gamma [IFN- γ ] were evaluated in cell supernatants from DC and DC-T cell coculture. Results: Under simulated hyperglycemic microenvironment an increase in cell dendrite extensions, and activation markers were upregulated in both monocytes differentiated DC and BMDC. There was a significant increase in glycolysis as evident from the gene expression, cell metabolic flux, and lactic acid production. Cell OXPHOS activities was reduced to compensate for the increase in glycolysis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF- α and IL-1 β ) were significantly increased and this increase was directly proportional to the glucose concentrations. Whereas, phagocytic capability of DC, and their ability to activate T cells decreased with hyperglycemia. Conclusions: Hyperglycemic microenvironment resulted in DC changes with increased expressions of activation markers, glycolytic metabolism, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, while impairing phagocytosis and adaptive immunity induction. BMDC and human monocyte differentiated-DC exhibit similar responses toward hyperglycemia, AGE, and LPS. This work emphasizes that diabetes mellitus has an inflammatory impact on DC immunometabolism and immunogenic functions.

The adaptation of marine sponges to their environment is often attributed to the specific composition of their bacterial communities. In this study, we assessed the bacterial microbiome of two dominant sponges, Rhabdastrella globostellata and Hyrtios erectus, living in the Bouraké lagoon (New Caledonia), where abiotic conditions reach extreme values of temperature, pH, and oxygen during low tide. Scuba divers collected sponge specimens and sediment and seawater samples at 2-3m depth. The bacterial communities were studied using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, and variations between the two sponges were compared using Principal Component Analyses (PCA) biplots. The phylum Chloroflexi and clade SAR202 appeared dominant in both sponge species reaching an average relative abundance of 41.2% and 53.2% in H. erectus and 53.2% and 78.7% in R. globostellata, respectively, while they were absent in sediments and seawater. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) explained 70.9% (phyla) and 86.6% (clade) showing that the bacterial community’s structure in both sponges is driven by Chloroflexi. This study is the first report of such a noteworthy relative abundance of Chloroflexi and SAR202 has been described in the microbiome of marine sponges. As these bacteria are known to play key roles in sponge nutrition and fitness, their high abundance strongly suggests an adaptive response to the extreme environmental conditions of the Bouraké lagoon.

Abstract: A systemic and local inflammatory immune imbalance is thought to be the cause of traumatic tracheal stenosis (TS). However, with CD4+ T lymphocytes being the predominant immune cells in TS, the mechanism of action and recruitment has not been described. In our research, using flow cytometry, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and Transwell chamber assays, the expression, distribution, and potential chemotactic function of CD4+ T cells in TS patients were examined before and after treatment. The results showed that the untreated group had significantly more CD4+ T cells and their secreted TGF-β1 than the treated group. Additionally, the untreated group’s CD4+ T cells showed a significant rise in CCL22 and CCL1, as well as a larger proportion of CCR4 and CCR8. CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages located in TS also expressed CCL1 and CCL22. In vitro, anti-CCL1 and anti-CCL22 can partially block the chemoattractant effect of TS bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on purified CD4+ T cells. The findings of this study indicated that TS contained unbalanced CD4 immune cells that were actively recruited locally by CCR4/CCL22 and CCR8/CCL1. As a result, it is anticipated that CD4 immune rebalancing can serve as a novel treatment for TS.

Aim: To explore NICU parent and staff attitudes towards yoga for parents as a stress reduction intervention and determine the acceptability of an online yoga curriculum. Methods: A 13-item survey on yoga for parents was emailed to clinical and non-clinical staff at two level IV NICUs. Another 40-item survey was distributed to parents via linked QR code in both units. Results were used to determine feasibility of a 6-week online yoga curriculum for NICU parents. Results: 54 parent and 140 staff surveys were completed between Jan 2021-Mar 2022. Many NICU parents self-reported stress (n=40, 74%) and anxiety (n=35, 64%). Thirty-seven (68%) parents had practiced yoga and 13% used yoga as a coping strategy. A total of 114 (81%) staff members practiced yoga and thought yoga decreased stress (n=125, 89%) and anxiety (n=100, 71%). Most responders (97%) with any experience with yoga supported a yoga intervention for parents. 71% of parents supported online classes. Identified barriers from staff included liability (n=28, 20%), cost (n=30, 21%) and safety (n=44, 31%). Parents cited stress (n=1,17%), lack of time (n=2, 33%) and inexperience (n=1,17%) as barriers. Conclusion: Online yoga classes may be an innovative approach to address parental stress and anxiety during NICU hospitalization.

Recent studies have shown that exosomes are involved in pathogenesis and in the treatment of various tumors and inflammatory diseases. We examined the impacts of exosomes released from Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei)-infected macrophages on human macrophages to determine whether they play a role in the pathogenesis of T. marneffei infection. Exosomes derived from macrophages were extracted using commercial kits and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. Further, we examine exosomes that regulate IL-10 and TNF-α production and activation of p42 and p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and activation of autophagy. We found that exosomes induced activation of ERK1/2 and autophagy, IL-10 and TNF-α production in human macrophages. Furthermore, exosomes decreased the replication of T. marneffei in T. marneffei-infected human macrophages. Interestingly, exosomes isolated from T. marneffei-infected but not from uninfected macrophages can stimulate a proinflammtory response in resting macrophages. Our studies are the first to demonstrate that exosomes isolated from T. marneffei-infected macrophages can induce a proinflammatory response, and we hypothesize that exosomes play significant roles in activation of ERK1/2 and autophagy, the replication of T. marneffei and cytokine release during T. marneffei infection.

The interaction between ligand N-[(E)-1-(3, 5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)ethylideneamino]-2-oxo-chromene-3-carboxamide, N-[(E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)ethylideneamino]-2-oxo-chromene-3-carboxamide and Fe(III), Mn(II) metal ion. The Bjerrum-Calvin titration technique as modified by Irving and Rossotti is used in this work. In this system, the separation of the acid-ligand curve from the acid-ligand and metal curve explains the formation of the complexes. The complex formation is explained through the half-integral method and point-wise calculation method.

The Ras (rat sarcoma virus) is a GTP-binding protein which considered one of the substantial membranes of the Ras-GTPase superfamily. The Ras involves several pathways in the cell that include proliferation, migration, survival, differentiation, and fibrosis. Abnormalities in the expression level and activation of the Ras family signaling pathway and its downstream kinases such as Raf/MEK/ERK1-2 contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of rheumatic diseases including immune system dysregulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc), destruction and inflammation of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), auto-antibodies production and immune complexes formation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and enhances osteoblast differentiation and ossification during skeletal formation in AS. In this review, the basic biology, signaling of Ras, and abnormalities in this pathway in rheumatic diseases including SSc, RA, AS, and SLE will be discussed.

The comparative assessment of six (6) Monodora species occurring in Nigeria and the Cameroons was undertaken using GC-MS analysis. The analysis was carried out with methanol extract and one hundred and sixty (160) phytoconstituents were identified and scored at different retention times ranging from 3.14min to 34.69min in M. undulata (P. Beauvois) Couvreur. The results of the phytochemical constituents using methanol extract of the genus Monodora were 16.85%, 10.67%, 32.58%, 9.55%, 16.85% and 13.48% of M. angolensis Welw., M. brevipes Benth., M. crispata Engl. & Diels., M. myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal., M. zenkeri (Engl.) Dyer., and M. undulata respectively. The prominent compounds were scored in carboxylic and its derivates while the least compound was identified in alcohol and organo-compounds. Highest M.wt. was 611.62 scored M. angolensis at a retention time of 29.86 min and the lowest M.wt. was 83.13 in M. zenkeri at a retention time of 13.14 min. In UPGMA distant tree was constructed with an RMSD index to illustrate the relationships among the Monodora species based on the different chemical constituents. The scoring of two compounds named Heptasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13-tetradecamethyl- and Octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13, 13,15,15-hexadecamethyl supported the cluster of M. myristica, M. undulata, M. angolensis and M. crispata. The highest distance value was between M. angolensis and M. myristica while the highest similarity level was scored in M. brevipes and M. zenkeri, which form a sub-cluster tree between M. zenkeri and M. brevipes. The overlapping phyto-constituents characters revealed the closeness of the taxa studied