Objective: This study was performed to investigate the clinical and pathological manifestations of Castleman disease in head and neck, and to summarize its clinical characteristics, experiences of diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of patients. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital. Methods: We retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 8 patients suffering from Castleman disease in head and neck who received treatment in Hunan people’s Hospital between 2013.1 to 2020.07, and review the relevant literature. Results: 7 of the 8 patients were characterized by single or multiple painless masses in head and neck. They were categorized as unicentric Castleman disease (UCD). Case 8 was clinically classified as multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD) because the neck mass of this patient was found with discomfort such as anemia, fatigue and fever. The pathological types were hyaline-vascular type (HVT) in 6 patients, mixed type in 1 patient and the plasma cell type (PCT) in 1 patient. All the patients were operated to remove the mass and showed no recurrence in the following up for 4-93 months. Conclusions: The diagnosis of Castleman disease in head and neck should be confirmed by pathological examination. UCD is the main type in the clinical classification, and HVT is the main type in pathological. Surgical resection of the mass can be an effective treatment, and proper medical therapy should be supplemented to those with postoperative recurrence. The patients with UCD generally have a good prognosis. [KEY WORDS] Head and neck; Castleman disease; Diagnosis; Treatment

Heparin is used as a classic anticoagulant in clinic. In addition, with the ongoing pandemic and unknown challenges, the mechanism of action of heparin in antiviral and anti-inflammatory aspects has been constantly discovered and clarified. This also provides effective support for the treatment of COVID-19 in specific contexts. Most importantly, heparin may act as a multi-drug.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic had led the Indian government to announce a nationwide lockdown on the 23rd of March 2020. This study (InPOG-ACC-20-04) aimed to explore the impact of this on the accessibility of care of children with cancer in India and to see strategies adopted by hospitals for service delivery during the lockdown. Procedure Weekly average childhood cancer (<18 years) patient registrations during pre-lockdown period (Jan 1st, 2020 to March 23rd 2020) were compared with the post-lockdown period (Mar 24th, 2020 to May 31st, 2020). The effect on the scheduled treatment was investigated for the post-lockdown period. A survey of health care providers was conducted to determine centres’ strategies to deal with the effect of COVID-19. Results In 30 centres participating in this study, 1146 childhood cancer patients were registered from Jan 1st, 2020 to May 31st 2020. The weekly average patient registration was 67.3 pre-lockdown and 35.5 post-lockdown which was a decline of 47.3% with travel distance being a factor. While most centres experience this decline, there were a few who saw an increase in patient registrations. Of those patients scheduled for treatment during the post-lockdown period, 36.1% experience delays in one or more modalities. Centres adopted several strategies to including modifications to treatment protocols, increased use of growth factors, and increased support from social organisations. Conclusion Our multicentre study from India suggests that the COVID19 pandemic and the lockdown impacted two out of three children with cancer. The effect of this on survival remains to be established.

Background: Transporters in the human liver play a major role in the metabolism of endo- and xenobiotics, as well as of pharmaceutical agents. Drugs and metabolites are extruded into the bile through the apical, canalicular membrane of the hepatocytes, while transporters in the basolateral membrane either promote the uptake or perform an extrusion of various compounds into the venous blood stream. Experimental Approach: In the present work we have examined the in vitro interactions of some key repurposed drugs advocated to treat COVID-19 (lopinavir, ritonavir, ivermectin, remdesivir and favipiravir), with the relevant key transporters in the hepatocytes. These transporters included the ABCB11/BSEP, ABCC2/MRP2, and MATE1 in the canalicular membrane, as well as ABCC3/MRP3, ABCC4/MRP4, OCT1, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and NTCP, residing in the basolateral membrane. Key Results: Lopinavir and ritonavir in low micromolar concentrations inhibited the ABCB11/BSEP and MATE1 exporters, as well as the OATP1B1/1B3 uptake transporters. Ritonavir had a similar inhibitory pattern, also inhibiting OCT1. Remdesivir strongly inhibited ABCC4/MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1. Thus, these agents may cause severe drug-drug interactions and drug-induced liver injury. Favipiravir had no significant effect on any of the transporters examined. Conclusion and Implications: Since both general drug metabolism and drug-induced liver toxicity are strongly dependent on the functioning of these transporters, the variable interactions reported here may have important clinical relevance in the drug treatment of this viral disease and the existing co-morbidities.

Aim: The aim of our study is to determine the potential degree of the deformity that can occur on the healthy foot, which is often neglected during treatment, in the case that the patient can walk independently, by evaluating the feet, the stiff and healthy side of patients with hemiplegic type CP. Patients and Methods: 13 girls and 15 boys, a total of 28 patients who were diagnosed with hemiplegic type CP were included in the study. A foot examination was done with a feiss line to determine the patient’s foot deformity. The midpoint of the patient’s malleolus medialis and the midpoint of their first metatarsophalangeal joint were connected with a straight line. Tuberositas ossis navicularis in the os naviculare was also marked and detected, and its perpendicular distance to the straight line was approximately measured in centimeters with a soft tape measure. These measurements were repeated on both feet. Results: 13 of the participants in the study were girls and 15 of them were boys. 12 of the patients had right side hemiplegic type CP, while 16 of them had left side hemiplegic type CP. 17 of the patients could walk independently, 11 could walk with support or an assisting device or could only stand but not actively walk. The age average of the patients was 14.5; 42.9% of them were under the age of 10 and 57.1% of them were 10 years old and above. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the existing deformities on the stiff side can worsen over time, and a new deformity can ensue on the healthy side over time as well. We think that deformities can advance quicker especially in cases who can walk, due to the effectiveness of their muscle weaknesses, and that these situations must definitely be evaluated in the treatment.

Background: The effectiveness of glucocorticoids in preventing biphasic reactions in patients with anaphylaxis is still controversial. We evaluated the effects of glucocorticoids on rates of biphasic reactions in patients with anaphylaxis treated with adrenaline. Methods: In this retrospective observational study using a national inpatient database in Japan, we identified 31,570 patients with anaphylaxis treated with adrenaline on the day of admission. We divided them into two groups: those who were treated with adrenaline plus glucocorticoids and those who received adrenaline only on the day of admission. We performed a one-to-four propensity score matching analysis between the two groups. The primary outcome was occurrence of a biphasic reaction and the secondary outcome was 7-day all-cause mortality. Results: Of the 31,570 eligible patients, 28,145 (89.2%) were treated with glucocorticoids. After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in rates of biphasic reactions (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–1.24; p=0.14) or 7-day all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–1.17; p=0.16) between patients with anaphylaxis treated with and without glucocorticoids. Conclusion: Our findings do not support the use of glucocorticoids to prevent biphasic reactions in patients with severe anaphylaxis requiring adrenaline.

Ecological modelling is widely used in the various fields of ecology but models usually require large datasets, a serious limitation to the approach for application to organisms of remote and little studied regions such as polar seas. Correlative and mechanistic modelling approaches are usually used independently in distinct studies. Using both approaches in integrative, hybrid models however can help better estimate the species realised niche, as mechanistic and correlative models complement each other very well, giving more insights into species potential response to fast changing environmental conditions. In this study, we implemented for the first time an hybrid, correlative and mechanistic model to predict the response of a marine invertebrate endemic to the Southern Ocean, the sea urchin Abatus cordatus (Verrill, 1876). We compared the respective performance of simple and hybrid models by analyzing the effect of seasonality on species distribution, a key feature of ecosystem functioning at high latitudes. Higher performances were obtained for the ‘integrated Bayesian’ approach compared to simple mechanistic and correlative models. The hybrid model more precisely predicts the effect of seasonality on habitat suitability. Such results are promising and show that hybrid approaches can be applied to case studies for which limited datasets are available.

Objective: In 2018, an inquiry into the Irish cervical cancer screening programme attracted widespread media coverage, resulting in anxiety about the quality of the screening programme. We investigated whether the controversy led to an increase in referrals based on clinical suspicion and the impact on waiting times for abnormal cytology. Design: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed. Setting: Department of Colposcopy, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Population or Sample: All colposcopy referrals before (March 2016 - 2018) and after (March 2018 - 2020) the media coverage. Methods: Chi-squared (χ2) and independent one-tailed t-tests were used to perform between-group analyses. Main Outcome Measures: Suspicious-appearing cervix referrals, colposcopic impression and histological diagnosis of these referrals, waiting time for abnormal cytology referrals. Results: Post-controversy, suspicious cervix referrals increased (10.1% to 14.2%; p=0.037x10-27), as did colposcopic impression of CIN (p=0.000000016). While an increase in CIN1 histology (18.5% to 30.3%) was diagnosed, a decrease in high-risk CIN2 (10% to 8.6%), CIN3 (6.2% to 2.9%), AIS (1.2% to 0.3%) and invasive cancer (2.8% to 1.2%; p=0.0058 x 10-9) were diagnosed. Across all grades of cytological abnormality, significantly fewer patients were reviewed in the recommended waiting time post-controversy. Half of delayed abnormal cytology referrals had high-grade changes. Conclusions: Heightened anxiety and increased surveillance does not necessarily lead to better clinical outcomes for patients but can result in unnecessary distress for low-risk patients and delays to diagnosis for high-risk patients with concerning abnormalities. Funding: None Keywords: cervical cancer screening, CervicalCheck, scandal, controversy, media, colposcopy.

Background: Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and is a phased treatment modality to counter malignant cells. Although chemotherapy significantly improves the disease prognosis, its adverse effects are also manifold, including oral consequences, owing to cytotoxic damage. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate alterations in salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity at baseline, post Induction and post Consolidation phases and to correlate these parameters with Absolute Neutrophil Counts in a cohort of 43 patients, aged 3-12 years. Results: A decrease in the salivary parameters was observed at the end of Induction phase, with a statistically significant decrease in unstimulated salivary flow rates (p<0.01). Some improvement was found at the end of Consolidation phase; however, all the parameters did not reach their baselines values. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between ANC and salivary flow rate(p=0.005), pH(p<0.00) and buffering capacity(p<0.00). Conclusion: The positive correlations of salivary parameters with ANC of the subjects may be considered indicative of a concomitant immunological compromise in children with a reduction in salivary parameters.

The gain of function mutations and structural adjustment towards β-lactamase inhibitors in TEM-type β-lactamase among the uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) culminates into treatment complications and demands a detailed investigation. In this study, uncharacterized amino acid substitutions, M69L/I84V/W165G/V184A/V262I/N276S in inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) β-lactamase isolated from clinical UPEC were subjected to extensive molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations for 100 ns to estimate the parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, the radius of gyration (Rg), Contour plot (Rg/RMSD) and secondary structure element (SSE), etc. Residue interaction networks, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation heatmaps were generated to predict the relation between functionally important atomic motions to uncover the structural stability of the mutants. To avoid the false positive conclusion of the simulation study, we have performed three identically parameterize replicas of 100ns each. Alterations in hydrophobic interactions resulted in conformation changes exhibited as comparable residue interaction networks. Besides, PCA and porcupine plot analysis based on the ensemble of structure from molecular dynamics trajectories revealed the collective atomic motions of the IRT variants that impart structural flexibility of their active site loop. Therefore, this is the first study of its kind conducted on IRT mutants that delineate intricate protein motions that contribute to their stability and folding using high-performance protein dynamics which is an absolute necessity to design candidate molecules because of the clinical threat of emerging resistance against potent β-lactam antibiotics.

Spike protein of coronavirus is a key protein in binding and entrance of virus to the human cell via binding to the RBD domain of S1 subunit to PD region of ACE2 receptor. In this study, the possible effect of 24 under clinical trial drugs and also four ligands as a control on the RBD domain of spike protein was investigated via docking and molecular dynamics simulation. At first, all drugs docked to the RBD domain of spike protein and then all complexes and free RBD domain separately used for molecular dynamics simulation for 50 ns via amber18 software. The simulation results showed that ten drugs from 24 drugs were separated from the RBD domain and among 12 remained drugs Baloxavir marboxil and Danoprevir drugs besides endonuclease activity and protease inhibitory can bind to key residues of the RBD domain. Then these drugs have a dual function and more experimental studies should be done on Baloxavir marboxil and Danoprevir as potential drugs for covid 19 disease.

Introduction: Differential diagnosis between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) angioedema (AE) and idiopathic histaminergic AE (ihAE) is often challenging. Follow-up data may help discriminate these conditions but are scarcely reported. Our objective was to report on the follow-up of patients with suspected ACEi-AE and to describe the baseline characteristics of AE attacks in patients with a diagnosis confirmed by follow-up. Methods: Sixty-four patients with suspected ACEi-AE (i.e. with exposure to ACEi before first attack, no urticaria associated and normal C1-inhibitor levels) and at least one follow-up visit were included. Data were retrospectively collected at baseline and during follow-up. Results: After follow-up, the diagnosis of ACEi-AE was confirmed in only 30 patients. The remaining patients were reclassified as ihAE (21 patients) or undetermined-mechanism AE (13 patients). In ACEi-AE patients, attacks occurred mostly in men (61%) with a median age of 64 (interquartile range 17) years old, with a highly variable delay from ACEi introduction (23103 months), and preferential involvement of lips (50%), tongue (47%) and throat (30%). Patients with confirmed ACEi-AE frequently reported classical histaminergic features, such as history of allergy and atopic conditions (20%), attacks with preferential evening onset (25%) and spontaneous resolution <24h (26%). ACEi-AE attacks responded to icatibant (79%). Conclusion: A final diagnosis of ihAE is frequent in patients with an initial suspicion of ACEi-AE; and follow-up should be systematically performed to ascertain the diagnosis in this population. Baseline clinical features seem insufficient to accurately discriminate between ACEi-AE and histaminergic AE, highlighting an unmet need for diagnostic biomarkers.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the impact of type 2 diabetes on pulmonary tuberculosis immune response. Methods: The tuberculosis diagnosis was based on the sputum smear and positivity of culture, whereas type 2 diabetes was diagnosis based on fasting blood sugar, 2-h PG, and glycated haemoglobin. Standardized techniques were used to obtain liver enzymes and lipid profiles whereas ELISA cytokine assay system was used to measured plasma cytokines levels. Results: fasting blood glucose (p<0.0001), 2hPG (p = 0.0097) and Glycated haemoglobin percentage (p <0.0001) in TB patients with diabetes were found to be significantly high as compare with TB patients without diabetes. While total cholesterol (p= 0.0093), serum triglycerides (p= 0.0001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p= 0.0086), were significantly high among Tb with diabetes, whereas High density lipoprotein cholesterol found to be significantly (p = 0.0002) elevated among TB patients without diabetes. TB and diabetes linked with increase concentration of Th1 (IFN-γ and TNF-α), Th17 (IL-17A) and Treg cytokines. The systemic levels of analysed cytokines show a positive increase associated with the HbA1c levels among TB patients except with IL-6 where there was no association with glycated haemoglobin. A significantly increased association was found between IL-22 and IFN-γ plasmatic levels. Conclusion: Our study shows an increase in characterized TB diabetics patients in cytokine response, signalizing that type 2 diabetes potentially participate in chronic inflammation that increases pathology and low control of tuberculosis.

Background: In the process of diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer, the clinical guidelines is of great significance for the medical behavior of clinicians and application of new research results. However, a non-standard formulation of the guidelines may mislead clinicians and bring unnecessary financial burden to patients. This study is to evaluate the quality of the guidelines. Methods: We identified the clinical practice guidelines or recommendations published in the English database since 2018 that guide for the diagnosis or treatment of esophageal cancer. Two reviewers used RIGHT checklist to evaluate the quality of eligible guidelines independently. Results: A total of 15 guidelines and recommendations meet the inclusion criteria. Six of them are from China, four from the United States, three from Japan, and the remaining two are from Canada and Germany. Among them, there are 4 in Chinese and 11 in English. The evaluation of these guidelines and recommendations showed that the reporting proportion of 4 articles was less than 50%. The average reporting proportion of 15 articles is 60.00%. Of the seven domains covered by RIGHT checklist, “basic information” has the highest reporting proportion (78.89%) and the lowest is “review and quality assurance” (13.33%). Of all sub-items, 3 are 100% reported, 13 (37.14%) sub-items are less than 50%. There is no difference between the Chinese guide and the English guide (P= 0.442). Conclusions: The reporting quality of the esophageal cancer guidelines published in the past three years is moderate, but there are some deficiencies in the domains of “review and quality assurance”, “funding and declaration and management of interests” and “other information”. Guideline developers should strictly follow the standard to improve the quality.

In the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak, this disease was not well known by the general public, including professional medical personnel. In the face of such a severe infectious public health event, they endured huge physical and psychological pressure under the lack of effective epidemic prevention materials and the unclear diagnostic criteria.Due to the particularity, complexity and variability of the patient of psychiatric staff, they bore severer physical and mental pressure than other ordinary medical staff. thus we report the nursing experience in a patient with fever and psychotic disorder who did not cooperate with treatment during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. This case can provide information that would enable better nursing in the future for patients with psychotic disorder during the period of COVID-19 pandemic and other infectious diseases.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of hospitalisation in infants and children. This study aimed to identify common patient characteristics and baseline predictors of hospital length of stay (LOS) among infants diagnosed with RSV infection. Methods: This is a descriptive analysis of data from three separate prospective observational paediatric studies in Belgium, Japan, and New Zealand. Hospitalised children ≤5 years of age with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of RSV infection and an onset of symptoms ≤5 days prior to hospitalisation were considered for inclusion. We collected demographic and clinical information and the hospital LOS for each patient. LOS was assessed by age, presence of comorbidity, presence of prematurity, duration of symptoms and by country. Results: Overall, 181 patients were included in the analysis. The majority of patients (84%; 152/181) were otherwise healthy; only 16% (29/181) had comorbidity. Median hospital LOS was longer in Belgium and Japan than in New Zealand (5, 7, and 3 days, respectively). Presence of comorbidity prolonged hospital stay, with the effect on hospital LOS varying by country. Age, duration of symptoms prior to hospitalisation, and premature birth were not predictive of hospital LOS. Conclusion: In this cohort of children ≤5 years old hospitalised for RSV infection, medical practice varied greatly between countries. Although overall, comorbidity was associated with longer LOS, while other predictive factors were of little value in estimating LOS.

Background: An easy-to-use, low-risk, and non-invasive method to detect the measles antibody, such as oral fluid (OF) assay, is required in the clinic. Methods: We tested the measles IgG antibody in the serum and OF of healthcare providers enrolled from four hospitals in Beijing, China, between March and December in 2018. We also tested the pre- and post-vaccination antibodies in selected participants. Serum and OF antibodies were detected by indirect and capture EIA, respectively. Results: Overall, 550 pairs of serum and OF samples were collected from 495 participants, including 55 pre- and post-vaccination pairs. ROC analysis showed a high diagnostic value of OF assay (AUC = 0.84, P < 0.01). The positive and negative consistency rates with serum were 90.0% and 67.9%, respectively (κ = 0.53). The sensitivity and specificity of the OF assay were 90.2% and 67.9%, respectively. Positive measles IgG rates in paired serum and OF were 83.6% and 80.2%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the OF assay between different genders (P > 0.05) and vaccination histories (P = 0.12). Statistically significant differences were identified in participants with different histories of measles contacts and measles infections. In different age groups, the positive OF measles antibody rates ranged from 71.6% to 89.7% (P = 0.01), with participants ≥ 40 years old having the highest positive rate. After vaccination, increased measles antibody levels and positive rates were observed by both serum and OF assays. Conclusions: There was a relatively high agreement between serum and OF measles antibody assays.

Sep 1,2020 India reported with 3,766,708 cases and 66,460 deaths. As a matter of concern with increasing Infection rates,those of pregnant women with COVID-19 is also increasing. objective To identify the effects of COVID 19 on pregnant women,clinical characteristics & various factors influencing maternal and neonatal outcome and its management. Materials and methods design - cross sectional study within one month (SEPTEMBER 1st to 30th) in a COVID designated tertiary care hospital in the department of OG -GMKMCH,SALEM; sample: Involving about 137 antenatal patients whose nasopharyngeal swab reported covid positive and also including those of RTPCR negative with findings in CT chest. outcome and results In the department of OG - GMKMCH,SALEM,of the 1680 mothers admitted,150 mothers were COVID positive and among them were 137 antenatal,9 postnatal & 4 post lscs patients.Most of the antenatal COVID 19 mothers were in third trimester of pregnancy,where 60 patients were symptomatic at admission.12 patients were swab RTPCR negative with CT chest positive.Covid 19 neither worsened nor altered the pregnancy related co morbidties.11patients had moderate disease and required high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO). Caesarean section rate was high and most of them were delivered within 5 days of onset of illness due to obstetric indications. About 80% newborn had birth weight of >2.5kg,3 were found positive among 79 newborn,1 expired due to respiratory failure. Conclusion Most mothers admitted were in third trimester supporting the need for social distancing,handwashing and wearing of masks.

Morphological similarity within species makes the identification and authentication of Salvia species challenging especially in dietary supplements that contain processed root or leaf powder of different sage species. In the present study, the species discriminatory power of two potential DNA barcode regions from the nuclear genome was evaluated in seven medicinally important Salvia species from the family Lamiaceae. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and the exon 9-14 region of low copy nuclear gene WAXY coding for granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS1) were tested for their species discrimination ability using distance, phylogenetic and BLAST based methods. A novel two-step PCR method with two different annealing temperatures was developed to achieve maximum amplification from genomic DNA. The GBSS1 region showed higher amplification and sequencing success rates along with higher interspecific distances and a perfect barcode gap for the tested species as compared to ITS2. Hence, these novel mini-barcodes generated from low copy nuclear gene regions - GBSS1 that were proven to be effective barcodes for the identification of seven Salvia species, have potential for identification and authentication of other Salvia species too.

Background: Using of Color Doppler make revolution in recent echocardiography because of its ability to detect blood flow inside the heart. Objectives: To determine the velocity of heart valves’ flow in fit Sudanese males. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 160 men and the mean age was 44.2 years (mean age 44.2 ±9.7 years). Free from any heart problems. Different ultrasound modes were used in this survey. Results: The healthy participant males, show standard normal limits of heart valves’ mean velocity. In comparison to previous studies, there was not difference in the detected values. Conclusion: The outcomes of the current survey indicated that the velocities of cardiac valves in Sudanese population correspond to those reported values in Western literature. So normal values of these Doppler parameters should be borne in mind for non-invasive cardiovascular function assessment.

The Aluminum Activated Malate Transporter (ALMT) family members are anion channels that play important roles in organic acid transport, stress resistance, growth, development, fertilization and GABA responses. The rice malate permeable OsALMT7 influences panicle development and grain yield. A truncated OsALMT7 mutant caused a reduction in malate permeability panicle apical abortion1 (paab1), lacking of 2 (3) transmembrane helices still have the ability of mediating malate efflux. We further investigated the characteristic of the truncated channels and the activity contribution of these transmembrane helices with TEVC and single channel analysis in X. laevis oocytes, and found that OsALMT7 formed as a homodimer by co-expressing OsALMT7 and paab1 in oocytes and detecting the physical interaction between two OsALMT7, and between OsALMT7 and paab1 mutant protein. Further study proved that not just OsALMT7, mutants of TaALMT1 inhibit wild-type TaALMT1 channel, indicating that ALMTs might perform channel function as homodimers. Our discovery brings a light for ion channel structure and homomultimer regulation understanding for ALMT anion channels and potential for crop grain yield and stress response improvement in the context of the essential role of ALMTs in these plant processes.

Fractional regularized long wave (FRLW) equation describes various physical phenomena in ocean engineering, such as long wave and shallow water wave with small amplitude, the study of its numerical solution has important theoretical significance and application value. A new linearized difference scheme is proposed for Caputo type time fractional regularized long wave (TFRLW) equation. The time direction discretization of the scheme adopts L1 approximation of piecewise linear interpolation, and the space direction discretization is based on the linearization of the nonlinear term of TFRLW equation. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the difference scheme are proved, and the stability and convergence of the scheme are proved by the discrete energy method. The analysis results show that the new scheme has spatial accuracy of 2 order and time accuracy of order. Finally, numerical experiments verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the numerical scheme.

The aim of this analysis was to look into the complete phenolic and flavonoid contents, and also the antioxidant activity, of leaf extracted from Globularia alypum L. collected in the Taza region of northeast Morocco and flower derives from Leptocarpha rivularis DC. Consequently, the extracts’ individual phenolics and volatiles were measured. Soxhlet extraction was used to produce organic extracts of this plant using two separate solvents, ethyl acetate and chloroform. The antioxidant ability of leaf extracts was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays; antioxidant and anticancer viability was evaluated in Leptocarpha rivularis DC flower specimens employing four solvents (n-hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), and acetone) (DCM),ethyl acetate (AcOEt), and ethanol (EtOH)). The antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant ability (FRAP), overall reactive antioxidant properties (TRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capability (ORAC) of extracts were contrasted through a defined value of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). The findings affirm the value of this plant as a sources of antioxidants.

Five reliable integration architectures are adopted in this paper, namely the unified Riccati equation expansion, the modified simple equation, the extended simplest equation, the generalized sub-ODE, and the new extended auxiliary equation approaches for the extraction of optical soliton solutions and other solutions in birefringent fibers without four-wave mixing (FWM) terms for the Biswas-Arshed model. Bright soliton, kink and dark soliton, singular soliton, hyperbolic wave, a periodic wave, elliptic function solutions of Wierestrass and Jacobian, and other solutions have been derived as a result. The conditions of their existence are also revealed. Also, the results obtained are compared with the well-known ones listed for the Biswas-Arshed model in birefringent fibers without FWM. The amplitude and intensity diagrams of some of the attained solutions in this study are portrayed by providing the appropriate values of the parameters included in the solutions for physical description.