This research explores the desorption mechanism and thermal stability of octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS, CH3(CH2)17SiCl3) coating on quartz slides and in alkali-metal vapor cells. We measured systematically the morphological thermal-changes, energy dissipation diversity and anti-relaxation characteristic of OTS coatings before and after exposure to Cs atoms by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, collision energy dissipation analysis, and free induction decay (FID) of Cs atoms. The results show that the OTS coatings exhibit the best thermal stability under the specific process conditions, and the homogeneous and dense structure makes the adsorption of alkali metal atoms more stable, which effectively reduces surface energy dissipation and prolongs the relaxation time of Cs atoms. The study provides certain reference for efficient anti-relaxation coating fabrication and coated cell application.

The tribological behaviors of nanoparticles (NPs) have received extensive application in the fields of nano-lubrication and ultra-precision manufacturing. The frictional and dynamic behaviors of SiO2 NPs acted with the single asperity were studied on silicon surface utilizing atomic force microscope. Both the static and kinetic friction forces of NPs exhibit an initial decrease followed by an increase with the increasing manipulation load (0 ~ 300 nN). The nonmonotonic load-dependence of friction behavior matches the dynamic transformation of “sliding-rolling-sliding” motion state of the manipulated NPs, which can be predicted by a Double-Hertz model and further confirmed by the nanoindentation marked NPs. This research has a great guiding significance for the regulated dynamic behaviors of NPs in the current three-body abrasive tribology.

Nikel Cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo LDHs) have emerged as ideal electrode materials for supercapacitor due to their high specific surface area and excellent cycling stability. Morphology control plays a unique role in regulating the performance of NiCo LDHs, but there are rare reports to regulate the morphology during energy storage. Herein, the morphology of NiCo-LDHs electrode is optimized for enhancing energy storage by simple activation process with different t concentrations of the electrolyte. During the activation process, electrochemical morphology reconstructed occurs on the electrode surface. With2 M KOH electrolyte the NiCo-LDH electrode transforms from nanosheets to nanoflower, which aids in reducing the distance of ion transport. The reconstructed NiCo-LDH (NiCo-LDH-2) exhibits an ultra-high specific capacitance of 5428 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1, outperforming most of NiCo LDHs. Even at a high current density of 10 A g-1, the capacitance retention rate remains above 77.6% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. The strategy proposed in the study, which involves concentration-controlled morphology optimization for energy storage enhancement, holds great practical significance for the field of supercapacitors.

In this study, a ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 composite catalyst was prepared by the precipitation method, and its photocatalytic degradation activity for methyl orange (MO) was studied. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRD, EDX, HRTEM, SAED, SEM, XPS, and UV-Vis-DRS. The results indicate that 0.1 ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 The composite system has a good photocatalytic degradation effect on methyl orange. Under 30-minute simulated sunlight conditions, the degradation rate can reach 94%. The results show that the maximum reaction rate constant of 0.1 ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 is 0.05301 min-1, which is three times the size of pure Ag3PO4 and 52 times the size of pure ZnCo2O4. After three cycles, 0.1 ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 still degraded methyl orange (MO) at a rate of 84.4%. The trapping experiment showed that hole (h+) and O2- played the most important roles in the photocatalytic degradation field of methyl orange (MO) by 0.1 ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4, and hydroxyl radical (OH·) played a partial role. The energy level structure of ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 is conducive to the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, improving the lifespan of photogenerated charges. Among them, the photocatalytic performance of 0.1 ZnCo2O4/Ag3PO4 is the most excellent.

As a key component of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), separator plays a crucial role in the performance and safety of LIBs. In this paper, a cellulose based porous membrane modified by nano CaCO3 is prepared conveniently by electrospinning. The membrane exhibits rich fibrous porous networks and uniform distribution of nanoparticles. Strengthed by CaCO3, the tensile strength of the cellulose porous membrane elevates from 4.7 ± 0.4 MPa to 7.7 ± 0.7 MPa. Besides, the modified membranes possess improved thermal stability and can maintain their original size after treatment at 150 °C and 180 °C. Also, the electrolyte uptake of cellulose/CaCO3 membrane is 73% higher than that of the pure cellulose membrane. Thus, the ionic conductivity of membrane achieves 1.08 mS cm-1 and the electrochemical window is about 4.8V, which meets the practical requirements of LIBs. Significantly, LiFePO4/Li battery this membrane can run for 230 cycles with a capacity retention of 97.4% and a discharge capacity of 149.0 mAh g-1, demonstrating the huge potential for high safety and next-generation LIBs.

Chiral Iridium complexes are very important for the preparation of circularly polarized light emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs). Three novel Iridium(III) complexes, Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/pyrrole), Ir(dfppy)2(dpp) and Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp) have been synthesized and characterized, respectively. These Iridium(III) complexes emitted deep-blue, blue and red photoluminescence with high quantum yields, for ((Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/Pyrrole): λmax=447 nm, F=62.4%; Ir(dfppy)2(dpp): λmax=467 nm, F= 25%; Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp): λmax=609 nm, F=73.7%). Compared with Ir(dnfppy)2(Cl/pyrrole), HOMO energy level of Ir(dfppy)2(dpp) and Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp) was calculated to be −5.71/-5.73 eV, and LUMO energy level increased to be -2.75/-3.36 eV, respectively. CD spectra of two pairs of the enantiomers for Ir(dfppy)2(dpp) or Ir(tfmqz)2(sdpp) displayed symmetry with opposite polarization between 300 and 600 nm. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of OLEDs based on Ir(tfmpqz)2(sddp) was 13.8%, showing a relatively low efficiency roll-off with the EQE of 10.7% at 5000 cd/m2.

Microbial infections are considered as one of the most important concerns of the world community. Developing drug delivery systems based on formulation of nanoparticles with antimicrobial agents have shown beneficial effectiveness against microbial infections and related antimicrobial resistance. In this study we prepared and characterized a chitosan based hydrogel loaded with zinc oxide nanoparticles for controlling the release of vancomycin and also improving its antibacterial effect. Characterization studies demonstrated that the developed biopolymeric hydrogel was able to sustained and controlled the release of vancomycin in response to acidic media for 96 hours. Furthermore, antimicrobial studies showed siginificant and efficient antibacterial activity of prepared hydrogel against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Based on obtained results, it can be concluded that the prepared chitosan hydrogel containing ZnO nanoparticles has a desirable activity for controlling the release of vancomycin and improving its antibacterial properties.

In the present study, tin nanoparticles were green-synthesized using the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare leaf aqueous extract. The synthesized SnNPs were characterized by analytical techniques including EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, UV-Vis., and FT-IR. The anti-human gastric cancer activity of SnNPs was evaluated using MTT assay. The nanoparticles were formed in a spherical shape in the range size of 26.45 to 38.53 nm. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of F. vulgare, SnNPs@FV, and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 384, 119, and 71 µg/mL, respectively. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with SnNPs@FV were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human lung cancer properties on normal (HUVEC) and lung cancer cell lines i.e., NCI-H2126, NCI-H1299, and NCI-H1437. The IC50 of SnNPs@FV were 108, 168, and 122 µg/mL against NCI-H2126, NCI-H1299, and NCI-H1437 cell lines, respectively. The viability of malignant lung cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of SnNPs@FV.

The effect of niobium ion with high valence doping on high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials was investigated. LiNi0.5Mn1.5-xNbxO4 was prepared by doping high-valent niobium ion into LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material using the organic assisted combustion method. The experimental samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance analysis. The experimental results show that the doping with high valence niobium ion change the orientation of the crystal plane growth of spinel particles, and the morphology of these particles change from the octahedral shape before doping to the spherical shape after doping. With the increase of doping amount, the crystal structure changes gradually, resulting in the Li0.96Nb1.01O3 impurity phase. The doping of high valence niobium ion increases the content of Mn3+ in the material, resulting in the appearance of a 4 V discharge platform, and the formation of a 4.7 V and 4 V discharge platform. The doping of Nb can improve the cycling stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material, but the specific capacity of the material is reduced.

In this study, the Zn nanoparticles was synthesized using the peel extract of Citrus aurantium. The nanoparticles was characterized by different chemical technique including UV-Vis. and FT-IR spectroscopy, and SEM technique. The results revealed a spherical shape in the average ‎size of 41.17 nm was identified for the green-synthesized nanoparticles. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of nanoparticles and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 115 and 96 µg/mL, respectively. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with nanoparticles were assessed by MTT assay for 48h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human gastric cancer properties on normal (HUVEC) and gastric cancer cell lines i.e. NCI-N87 and MKN45. The IC50 of nanoparticles were 278 and 256 µg/mL against NCI-N87 and MKN45 cell lines, respectively. The viability of malignant gastric cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of Zn nanoparticles. It seems that the anti-human gastric cancer effect of recent nanoparticles is due to their antioxidant effects. After evaluating the effectiveness of this formulation in clinical trial researches, it can be a good alternative to chemotherapy drugs.

Chronic lesion has become a major biological burden for individual patients and health organizations. Using nanoparticles as drug delivery systems is remarkable nowadays. The unique properties of chitosan without any toxicity for living creations make it a suitable option for drug delivery. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the important agents for wound healing, cellular proliferation, extracellular matrix formation, and skin remodeling. A combination of these properties can accelerate the wound healing process. In this study, rh-EGF is embedded into the chitosan nanoparticles by the Ion-gelation method. Nanoparticles are characterized by TEM microscopy and the DLS method and conjugation efficacy is measured by FT-IR radiation. The antibacterial effect of manipulated nanoparticles was estimated by MIC/MBC methods. The cytotoxicity and proliferation were measured by MTT assay on the HFF-1 human fibroblast cell line. Migration assay was accomplished by in vitro scratch model and the gene expression analysis for TGF-β, VEGF, and PDGF were manipulated by the real time-PCR method. The obtained results were considered statistically significant with P < 0.05. Obtained results illustrated no toxic effect on the HFF-1 cell line treated with Chitosan-EGF (CS-EGF). In cellular proliferation and migration assays, CS-EGF nanoparticles demonstrated a better effect than free rh-EGF. For the duration of 72h of the experiment, the whole scratch was covered by fibroblasts. The real time-PCR analysis also showed upregulation of all TGF-β, VEGF, and PDGF genes. As CS-EGF nanoparticles in the acceleration of the skin remodeling process showed promising results, subsequent studies might be useful.

Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) is one of the main powder components in self-setting calcium phosphate cements for hard tissue applications. In this study, two types of calcium phosphate/chondroitin sulfate bone cements in which TTCP powders in nanoscale-rod like (R-TTCP) and micro-conventional irregular shape (C-TTCP) were used. The first one was synthesized by reverse microemulsion chemical process and the second one, was prepared by thermal conventional method. The results showed that both cements formed hydroxyapatite as the result of cementation process. The R-TTCP cement revealed a slightly longer initial but no difference in final setting time, less compressive strength, higher porosity and better degradation behavior compared to C-TTCP one. The both cements presented similar tendency to the formation of a dense hydroxyapatite on their outer surfaces through immersion in simulated body fluid. Taking into consideration the initial porosity, the cement made from R-TTCP rod like nanopowder presented more aptness to participate in ion exchange in SBF resulting to fill the 15% more initial porosity via the precipitation of hydroxyapatite mineral. From the biological point of view, analysis of cytotoxicity and MG63 osteoblastic-cell behavior proved that the both cements had good viability and proper cell adhesion and activity.