Objective:The objective of this study is to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its genotypic subtype distribution characteristics among women in Lhasa. The study will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer in this region.Methods：HPV samples were collected from 8273 subjects at Fukang Hospital of Tibet University from January 2023 to December 2024, and 17 genetic subtypes of HPV were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with universal primers. Of these, 15 were high-risk HPV and 2 were low-risk HPV.Results：Among the 8,273 samples examined, 708 were found to be positive for HPV, yielding a positive detection rate of 8.56%. Of these cases, 54 were male, with an infection rate of 14.67%. The total number of female cases was 654, with an infection rate of 8.27%. The full spectrum of 17 genetic subtypes was detected. The five most prevalent high-risk types were HPV52, HPV58, HPV16, HPV56 and HPV39, in that order. In addition, both low-risk types, HPV6 and HPV11, were identified. Amongst the 654 female infected individuals, 503 cases (76.91%) exhibited a single infection, 107 cases (16.36%) exhibited a double infection, and 44 cases (6.73%) exhibited a multiple infection. A statistically significant difference in the positive rate of HPV was identified among women of different age groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: The high-risk types of HPV infection in women undergoing physical examination in the Lhasa region were HPV52, HPV58, HPV16, HPV56 and HPV39. These were predominantly monoinfected, with obvious heterogeneity in subtype categories and age distribution. It is therefore vital that these types of HPV receive sufficient attention in the infection prevention work in this region.

Background: Periodontitis, a prevalent inflammatory disease, leads to the destruction of periodontal tissues, and current treatments often fail to achieve complete regeneration. Stem cell-derived exosomes, nanoscale vesicles mediating intercellular communication, have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach. This study aimed to investigate the potential of exosomes derived from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) and folic acid (FA), both individually and in combination, to improve periodontal injury in an in vitro model. Materials and Methods: DP-MSCs were isolated from human deciduous teeth, cultured, and characterized by their differentiation potential into adipocytes and osteocytes, as well as flow cytometry analysis of mesenchymal stem cell markers. Exosomes were extracted from DP-MSC conditioned media and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Bradford assay for protein quantification. Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were cultured and subjected to an in vitro injury model by exposure to H2O2. The injured hGF cells were then treated with FA (50 µM) and/or DP-MSC-Exos (20 µg/ml). Expression of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptotic, and osteogenic genes was measured using RT-qPCR. Results: DP-MSCs exhibited fibroblastic morphology, differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes, and expressed mesenchymal markers CD73 and CD90. SEM confirmed the spherical structure of the extracted exosomes, and the Bradford assay revealed a protein concentration of 850 µg/ml. In injured hGF cells, treatment with DP-SC-Exos significantly decreased the Bax/Bcl2 ratio (p < 0.0001) and reduced the expression of antioxidant genes CATA, Gpx, and SOD, and RIPK3. FA treatment reduced IL-6 and TNF-α expression, while both FA and DP-MSC-Exos treatments resulted in diminished TGF-β expression. Conclusion: DP-MSC-derived exosomes demonstrated a notable capacity to modulate gene expression in an in vitro periodontal injury model, particularly by reducing apoptotic and antioxidant gene expression. These findings suggest that exosomes hold promise as a potential therapeutic agent for periodontal regeneration, offering advantages over cell-based therapies.

Rapid access to mitochondrial marker genes is essential for species identification and phylogenetics, but conventional barcoding or genome skimming remains time-consuming and resource-intensive. Public RNA-Seq archives, an underused source of mitochondrial transcripts, can be leveraged through an ultralight, fully web-accessible pipeline that retrieves and assembles the complete cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) gene. Seven public Acheta domesticus RNA-Seq datasets (SRR7692599–SRR7692605) were retrieved from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive. A targeted BLAST-based filtering approach was applied to extract COX1-related reads, which were then assembled using the CAP3 tool on Galaxy Europe. Assembly quality was assessed by ClustalW alignment and confirmed by BLAST validation against the NCBI nucleotide database. Between 180 and 214 COX1-related reads (mean 200.9 ± 11.8) were recovered per dataset. CAP3 produced complete or extended COX1 contigs (1,545–1,784 bp; up to 116.5% of the 1,531 bp coding length due to flanking UTR-like sequence). All seven assemblies showed 100% nucleotide identity to the reference after orientation correction. No off-target mitochondrial genes or nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (NUMTs) were detected in BLAST validation. The entire process was completed within one hour using freely available web tools. This streamlined pipeline enables fast and accurate recovery of mitochondrial genes from public transcriptomic resources and can be adapted for other highly expressed genes. It provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional molecular methods.

We revisit multi-slit diffraction with a scaling of space and time to exploit an equivalence of wave packets describing quantum free and harmonic oscillator (HO) motion. We introduce a co-moving frame of space and time coordinates to define an effective, time-independent, HO potential that confines and directs initially displaced wave packets along the classical phase space of the oscillator. $N$-slit diffraction in the lab frame from the slits to a distant detector and the familiar spreading of the propagating wave front is then described as the propagation of HO wave packets over just a quarter cycle of the oscillator and confined to the HO potential well. This connection with the co-moving frame suggests a simplified time of flight experiment wherein the arrival time distribution of diffracted particles hitting a \emph{single point detector} in the lab frame images in the co-moving frame as the \emph{full} diffraction pattern from grating to detector.

For free propagation from a focus the Hermite-Gauss wave functions of optics spread in space. In quantum mechanics the Hermite-Gauss functions are referred to as the harmonic oscillator eigen- functions. These functions are used here to describe the interference of wave packets. It has been shown that when transformed to a frame moving with the normal to the wave front trajectories, the Hermite-Gauss functions are constant up to a phase factor which is the Gouy phase. The Gouy phase itself assumes the role of proper space or time coordinate. Along the whole of such a trajectory, the space wave function is proportional to the wave number function. An arbitrary normalisable wave packet can be expanded using the Hermite-Gauss functions as a basis. As example, it is shown that in the co-moving frame, a displaced Gaussian does not spread but rather becomes a coherent state. This allows a particularly simple representation of the Young's interference pattern from two or more slits.

“‘latex This article gives the author’s perspective on the history of the development of the Molecular Symmetry (MS) group. It explains how the initial work of Hougen, that was developed for nonlinear rigid molecules, inspired Longuet-Higgins to introduce nuclear permutations and the inversion as the fundamental elements of molecular symmetry. The symmetry group that is obtained applies to all molecules, rigid or nonrigid. The criticism of Altmann, and the rebuttal of that work by Watson.is described. Altmann’s work had the unfortunate effect of delaying the appreciation of Longuet-Higgins ideas…

An unresolved discrepancy between high-accuracy potential energy curves for the argon dimer (Ar_2), which support different numbers of bound vibrational states and profoundly different scattering lengths for Ar_2, is probed by morphing these curves to available spectral data within the reduced potential energy curve approach. Although the morphed curves studied closely coincide, they still afford different numbers of bound vibrational states and produce disparate scattering lengths. Resolving these discrepancies therefore remains a challenge. Nevertheless, solving vibrational Schroedinger equations with suitably scaled potential energy curves or reduced masses provides a closely matching relationship between the binding energy (D_o) of the highest vibrational state s-wave scattering length (a), thus enabling the reliable determination of D_o directly from experimental s-wave scattering lengths. Importantly, moreover, a is extremely sensitive to reduced molecular mass and can therefore serve as a fairly sensitive probe of the constancy of the electron-to-proton mass ratio.

Breast and cervical cancers are a serious problem and the leading cause of death in women in this decade. Chalcone is a promising compound with great potential for anticancer use. In this work, we synthesized six chalcone derivatives with alkoxy- and methylthio-substituents through Claisen–Schmidt condensation at room temperature. The study aimed to design, investigate, synthesize, and evaluate the anticancer activity of these six chalcone derivatives against T47D, MCF-7, and HeLa human cancer cell lines. First, all candidates were synthesized using MAOS as a green synthesis method with high yields (87-90%). Products were characterized by IR, NMR, GC-MS, and HRMS. We used the MTT assay to assess cell viability and measure cytotoxicity. Additionally, an in silico method was used to explore the mechanism behind the anticancer activity. All chalcones were optimized by B3LYP functional and tested for anticancer activity by molecular docking to various receptors: Histon deacetylase SIRT1 inhibitor PDB: 4I5I (T47D cell), estrogen receptor alpha ligand binding domain Y5375 Mutant PDB: 6CBZ (MCF-7 cell), and HeLa cell line protein Caspase 3 V266A PDB: 5I9B (HeLa cell). Chalcone 2 (17.85±0.84 µg/mL) and Chalcone 6 (29.09±0.37 µg/mL) were strong for T47D cells. Chalcone 4 (15.89±0.79 µg/mL) was strong for MCF7, and Chalcone 1 (28.47±0.41 µg/mL) for HeLa. These results are in line with in silico investigations, which showed all chalcone derivatives had good binding affinity to all receptors (below –5). The cytotoxicity assay also showed low toxicity of chalcone derivatives toward normal human cells, which is remarkable. Therefore, we concluded that the synthesized chalcones (Chalcone 1, 2, 4, and 6) have potential as novel anticancer agents in real applications. In addition, MAOS shortens reaction time and gives high yields, supporting green chemistry principles.

We present and discuss Carl Friedrich v. Weizsäcker’s historic 1948 derivation of the 5/3 law for energy dissipation in turbulence. His discussion assumes of a cubic volume filled with isotropic quasistationary turbulence, where he then introduces a systematic partitioning of that volume into ever smaller nested cubes. Weizsäcker’s dimensional analysis in real space parallels Onsager’s 1949 partly k-space and partly real space dimensional analysis, and foreshadows the fractal beta model. We compare several steps in Onsager’s and Weizsäcker’s approaches and then extend Weizsäcker’s dimensional analysis to the beta model. The more recent experimental violations of the assumption of homogeneity and isotropy are discussed. We end with a practical experimental measure for isotropy plus the consideration of the unstable vortex sheet in the ink droplet generation of an anisotropic and inhomogeneous branching cascade from large to small scales.