Retropharyngeal emphysema is a rare condition with various causes including traumatic and iatrogenic injuries, or it could occur spontaneously. Symptoms of mediastinitis and/or airway obstruction should be evaluated as indicators for surgical incision. Complications of mediastinitis are associated with poor prognosis; therefore, worsening of symptoms should be carefully monitored.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is a rare disease with difficulty in diagnosis, and clinical courses of patients with BPDCN vary widely. We report a case of a 63-year-old man with BPDCN showing severe tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). BPDCN with high tumor burden should be carefully considered to prevent TLS.

A patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, on enzyme replacement therapy (galsulfase) for more than 6-years with good adherence. Urine glycosaminoglycans became stable, cardiopulmonary progression is slow, motor skills have improved, pain is controlled and no adverse reactions were reported. These support the benefits of galsulfase, as it slows disease progression.

Umbilical hernia is occasionally seen with different levels of complexity in animals. However, eviscerated umbilical hernia with extensive adhesion in a bovine calf is not much common. With timely recognition, surgical intervention, and administration of an antibiotic, antihistaminic and anti-inflammatory drugs, the outcome is generally good.

Posterior spinal surgery has the risk of perioperative respiratory complications. We describe the delayed diagnosis of an intraoperative pneumothorax in a teenage girl with idiopathic scoliosis scheduled for thoracolumbar posterior fusion. After an uneventful surgery, the oxygen saturation abruptly decreased to 65%. A chest x-ray showed a moderate pneumothorax.

We treated PR3-ANCA positive vasculitis patient with bilateral ischemic peroneal nerve paralysis accompanying rheumatoid arthritis. Pathology showed mild vasculitis. With PR3-ANCA amelioration, the level of complement 3, anti-CCP and neurological disability normalized simultaneously responding to rituximab. This result means the shared pathogenic pathway of PR3-ANCA vasculitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Here we present a case report of Xylophagia

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has the highest mortality of all head and neck SCC subsites and typically presents in patients with history of tobacco and alcohol use. We present a case of hypopharyngeal SCC in a patient with no traditional risk-factors and a germline BRCA2 mutation.

We report a rare case of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance with immunotactoid glomerulopathy and severe nephrotic syndrome. The patient was diagnosed with a B-cell IgM κ clone and her nephrotic syndrome is responding well to bortezomib, dexamethasone, and rituximab.

Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease rarely observed in an early age. Our observation of tubercle lesions in the lungs of a three week old calf and confirmation of Mycobacterium bovis strains illustrate that the progression of tuberculosis in neonates can be rapid under natural conditions, contributing to transmission within-herds.

We report a case of COVID-19 with only atypical CT findings; tree-in-bud appearance and centri-lobular nodules. Some COVID-19 cases show only atypical CT findings. Physicians should make comprehensive judgements.

LS is a 39-year-old woman with systolic heart failure secondary to viral myocarditis (EF 10-15%). She was transitioned from IABP support to LVAD. Five weeks postoperatively she experienced progressive low flow alarms and underwent pericardial release via left mini-thoracotomy. Flows immediately improved postoperatively.

Otic lichen planus (LP) is rare and associated with stenosis of external auditory canal, conductive hearing loss (HL) and otorrhea. We report the case of a 78 years old woman affected by otic LP complaining mixed HL. We successfully treated the patients with local therapy and with bone-anchored hearing device.

Inguinal hernia can be present in the beam path of photon radiotherapy for prostate cancer. To avoid exposing the radiosensitive intestinal tract potentially included in hernia sacs, repair surgery prior to photon radiotherapy should be considered for hernia-positive prostate cancer patients.

Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a rare entity occurring in immunocompromised patients such as organ-transplant recipients. Renal-transplant recipients are at high risk for developing squamous cell carcinomas. The impact of acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis on this risk is unknown. Long-term follow-up of this high-risk population should be proposed.

Chiari malformations are a group of heterogeneous disorders; Chiari I malformation is characterized by a form of structural defect in the cerebellum and the cranial base. The case report highlights the possibility of underlying neurological disease in cases where acute Type 2 respiratory failure is unexplainable.

In Tanzania, Tuberculosis is among the most common and important diagnoses in a patient presenting with constitutional symptoms and lung opacities on plain radiography. We report a 32-year-old male who was misdiagnosed as extrapulmonary tuberculosis based on symptoms and imaging. Further workup revealed a rare but aggressive metastatic angiosarcoma.

Thyroid nodules are often incidentally noted on imaging studies with an estimated incidence of 25% on neck CT scan. The presence of a PET-avid thyroid nodule, especially in a patient with a history of malignancy, should prompt evaluation with fine-needle aspiration to evaluate for malignancy given the high probability.