Time: 60 - 90 minutes           Grade: 6th-10thOverview:Students will learn different types of gears, their functions in mechanical systems. Explore how affect speed, torque, and change the direction of movement. They will build and test simple gear systems using LEGO® SPIKE™ Prime. Key Objective:Students will understand and apply the concept of gear ratios in LEGO® robotics by building and testing simple and compound gear trains. Things Needed:LEGO® Education SPIKE™ Prime SetTablets/computers with LEGO® SPIKE™ Prime softwarePrinted or digital worksheets for students (optional) Additional Resource:Building instruction  Educational Standards:Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)Engineering and Technology:MS-ETS1-1: Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem to ensure a successful solution.MS-ETS1-2: Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process.MS-ETS1-3: Analyse data from tests to determine similarities and differences among solutions.Physical Science:MS-PS2-2: Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object's motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object.MS-PS3-5: Construct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the motion energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.Common Core State Standards – MathRatios & Proportional Relationships (Middle School Grades 6-8)CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.6.RP.A.1: Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a relationship between two quantities.CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.RP.A.2: Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities (e.g., gear ratios).Functions (Middle School Grades 7-8)CCSS.MATH. CONTENT.8. F.A.3: Interpret the equation y = mx + b as defining a linear function. (Relating gear speed to input power).Computer Science Standards (CSTA K-12 Computer Science Standards)2-AP-13: Decompose problems and create solutions that include sequences, events, loops, and conditionals.2-AP-17: Systematically test and refine programs using iterative processes. VocabularyGear Train, Driver, Follower, Idlers, Gear Ratios, Gearing Up, Gearing Down, Torque, Speed, Spur gears, Bevel gears and crown gears, Double bevel gears, Rack and Pinion. Lesson Outline1. Introduction to Gears (15 minutes)Ask students: Where have they seen gears in everyday life? (Examples: bicycles, clocks, cars)Show real-life gear examples or pictures.Explain what gears are and their function in machines.Discuss different types of gears (spur, bevel, worm, Rack and Pinion) and their uses in robotics.Explain key gear concepts:Gear Train: Combination of three or more gears (compound Gears)Gear Ratio: How gears affect speed and torque. Gear Ratio Formula: Gear Ratio = Driven Gear Teeth / Driving Gear TeethDriver, Idler & Follower Gear: The driving gear moves the follower.Meshing Direction: Gears rotate in opposite directions, in different angle and linear movement. 2. Hands-on Activity: Building a Simple Gear Train (20 minutes)Divide students into small groups and provide them with LEGO® robotics kits.Guide them to build a simple two-gear system (one driving gear and one driven gear).Have students calculate the gear ratio and predict how it affects speed and torque.Test the gear train using a LEGO® motor and observe the results. 3. Experimenting with Compound Gears (25 minutes)Introduce the concept of compound gear trains (multiple gears working together).Challenge students to create a gear train (three or more gears) that increases/decrease speed and another that increases/decrease torque.Have students Measure and compare the results using motor rotations at different speed and record their findings in a worksheet or digital journal 4. Real-World Applications and Discussion (10 minutes)Ask students how gear ratios impact robots, vehicles, and other mechanical systems.Discuss how engineers use gear ratios to optimize designs.Encourage students to brainstorm where they might use gears in their own projects. 5. Conclusion & Assessment (10 minutes)Recap key takeaways from the lesson.Correct understanding and calculation of gear ratios.Ability to build and modify gear trains.Have students demonstrate their gear trains and explain their gear ratios.Explanation of how gear ratios affect speed and torque.Creativity in applying gear ratios to real-world scenarios.Assign a short reflection: How would you apply gear ratios in a robotic competition? 6. Extensions:Advanced students can explore planetary gear systems.Introduce gear ratio programming challenges using LEGO® software.Host a mini-race where students design the fastest or strongest gear train.Build a simple gearbox or differential system for advanced students.

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Lesson Duration: 50 minutes

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STEM Lesson PlanGrade Level: 7Lesson Title: Water Storage and Desert Reclamation Using Artificial LakesDuration: 50 minutesFocus Area: Environmental Engineering (Water Storage)

Today, we talk about the topic of Basic Networking & Static Routing!Let’s take a look at the network scenario as an example showing the concept of Networking and Routing!For this example, Our goal is : We need to send some digital files like PDF documents from laptop A to laptop B or in the reverse direction!This is the most common things we always do everyday!It is similar to send a message from the APPS of smartphone A to another smartphone B!Do you know how the technology behind it helps us to make it happen!We are going to demonstrate all the technical steps how to achieve this goal!—————————————————————————In order to transfer data between 2 user terminals, we need to make a connection between them first. There are 2 Scenarios of connection between 2 end points!

STEM Lesson Plan: Exploring the Science Behind LEDs and Voltage DistributionGrade/Level : 10-12 Duration : 50 minutes Subject : Electronics and PhysicsOverview : Here students will explore the basic principles of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), diodes, and voltage distribution across circuits using LEDs of different colors. Through hands-on activities, students will investigate how different LEDs consume voltage, discover the differences between parallel circuit configurations, and gain insights into real-world applications of electronic switches. By sparking curiosity with simple yet surprising experiments, students will learn core concepts of electrical circuits and light behavior.Learning Standards :Understand the working of diodes and LEDs in electronic circuits.Investigate the relationship between color and wavelength in the context of LEDs and the light spectrum.Apply scientific concepts to practical circuits and interpret voltage differences with multimeter readings.Problem Statement : How do different colored LEDs respond when connected in parallel, and why do some LEDs light up while others don’t?Learning Outcomes :Explain how diodes, particularly LEDs, function in circuits.Understand and analyze how voltage distribution affects LEDs in parallel circuits.Explore the connection between LED colors and their required starting voltages.Demonstrate curiosity-driven problem-solving by identifying patterns in LED behavior.STEM Connect :Science : Wavelengths of light, the electromagnetic spectrum, scattering of light (why violet scatters more than red).Technology : Practical use of multimeters, understanding electrical components.Engineering : Circuit design using breadboards, resistors, and LEDs.Mathematics : Voltage distribution in circuits and its measurement using tools like multimeters.

Lesson Title: Fractional Garden DesignGrade Level: Primary 6 (Grade 6)Time: 50 minutes

Title: Introduction to Maps for PYP KindergartenThis is a three-day lesson for PYP Kindergarten students to learn about Maps (part of the Unit of Inquiry, “How We Organise Ourselves”)The goal of these lessons: Students will have a better understanding of maps and their functionalities in the real world. The students will gain skills in reading and creating maps, as well as coding with Beebots.Day 1: Introduction to Maps1. Objective: Understand the concept of maps and their importance in representing the world.2. The Students will understand: :Maps represent our world.Maps show locations in communities.3. Schedule: Introduction (10 mins):Read the story “Me on the Map” Me On The Map - Read AlondDiscuss what maps are and why they are important.Chat with an AI Bot Activity (20 mins):Use the website with students to interact with the AI bot to learn about maps and different locations. (What is a map, Where is your favourite place? How far is it from your home, etc.) https://mizou.com/preview-bot?ID=33841Explore the maps. (10 mins)Show the World map & local Macao map (on the screen & paper maps).Share how we can navigate through a grid on the map.Encourage students to find their favourite places/countries on the Macao map and World map.Discuss and compare the distances between their favourite places on the local map (use a ruler/string to measure the distance).Reflection and Discussion (10 mins):Students will share what they learned about maps.Discuss how maps help us find our way.Discuss how far they are from their home and school/favourite places.4. Assessment: Children will show interest in different maps and try to find places they have visited on the local area map.Day 2: Understanding and Creating Maps1. Objective: Learn to identify symbols on maps and create a simple neighbourhood map.

Today, we talk about the topic of Basic Networking & Static Routing!Let’s take a look at the network scenario as an example showing the concept of Networking and Routing!For this example, Our goal is : We need to send some digital files like PDF documents from laptop A to laptop B or in the reverse direction!This is the most common things we always do everyday!It is similar to send a message from the APPS of smartphone A to another smartphone B!Do you know how the technology behind it helps us to make it happen!We are going to demonstrate all the technical steps how to achieve this goal!—————————————————————————In order to transfer data between 2 user terminals, we need to make a connection between them first. There are 2 Scenarios of connection between 2 end points!

Fun with Scratch Jr - for Grade 1 This 60-minute interactive session, designed for Grade 1 students of the Kerala State Board, introduces young learners to the basics of Scratch Jr. through an engaging exploration of animals and their sounds. The session combines hands-on learning with technology by encouraging students to create simple animations of animals using Scratch Jr., where each animal "speaks" and makes its respective sound. Students will learn to add sprites, use looks and say blocks, and record sounds within the Scratch Jr. platform. Additionally, they will complete a worksheet to reinforce their understanding of animal recognition and spelling. By the end of the session, students will have developed foundational programming skills while also enhancing their knowledge of animal sounds and spelling, all within a fun, interactive learning environment. This session promotes creativity, collaboration, and technological fluency at an early age.Refer the ppt and worksheet 

This is a lesson about renewable energy, that investigates deeper on what wind energy is, how it's produced, and why it is important for our environment.

Learning Standards: Science 4-PS1-1: Plan and conduct investigations to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties. 4-PS1-2: Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose. 4-PS1-3: Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in materials when different materials interact. Technology Information and Communication Technologies (ICT): Using Digital Media and Environments 4-T.6: Use digital tools (e.g., computers) to access and retrieve information relevant to specific tasks. Math Measurement and Data 4.MD.1: Know relative sizes of measurement units within one system of units including km, m, cm; kg, g; lb, oz.; l, ml; hr, min, sec. Within a single system of measurement, express measurements in a larger unit in terms of a smaller unit. Record measurement equivalents in a two-column table. Arts Visual Arts: Creating 4.VA.Cr.2.3: Create original artwork, using film, photography, computer graphics, or video, that communicates ideas or emotions. English Language Arts (ELA) Reading Standards for Informational Text RI.4.9: Integrate information from two texts on the same topic in order to write or speak about the subject knowledgeably.

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This is a lesson prepared to teach the programming concept - Algorithm, to 6 - 8 year old students from Sri Lanka.  The students will be learning a concept that is important in science, engineering, technology and mathematics using puzzles. This lesson also focus on the understanding the use of algorithms in their daily activities. Objectives:Definition of Algorithm.Introducing the importance of Algorithms in the problem-solving and programming.Engage in a problem solving activity by implementing an algorithm to solve a specific task.Reflection on the use of algorithms in daily life.Materials:Colored Sheets of 5 colors - size 420mm x 594mm/A2TapeIndex cardsA reward/ toyA white boardMarkers/pensIntroduction - 15 mins :Engage: The lesson will be started with basic discussion about the term "Algorithm". Ask the student if they have heard the term before or have they used algorithms in their day to day lives. Ask them what they think it means. Ask them if they have ever followed a recipe or taken/given directions or if they have ever seen someone following a recipe or taking/giving directions.Define: Provide a simple definition for an Algorithm." An Algorithm is a list of steps to finish a task""  An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions or rules to solve a problem"   Activity - 20 mins: Unplugged Algorithm Activity: Paste the colored sheets on the floor in a similar pattern as shown in the sample image.