Mortality Patterns among COVID-19 Patients in Two Saudi Hospitals:
Demographics, Etiology, and Treatment
Abstract
Background: Saudi Arabia (SA) reported its first case of COVID-19 on 2
March 2020. Mortality varied nationwide: by 14 April 2020 Medina had
16% of SA’s total COVID-19 cases and 40% of all COVID-19 deaths. A
team of epidemiologists investigated to identify factors impacting
survival. Methods: We reviewed medical records from two hospitals:
Hospital A in Medina and Hospital B in Dammam. All patients with a
registered COVID-related death between 1 March -22 April 2020 were
included. We collected data on demographics, chronic health conditions,
clinical presentation and treatment. We analysed data using SPSS.
Results: We identified 76 cases: 38 cases from each hospital. More
fatalities were among non-Saudis at Hospital A (89%) versus Hospital B
(82%, p<.001). Hypertension prevalence was higher among cases
at Hospital A (42%) versus Hospital B (21%) (p<.05). We
found statistically significant differences (p<.05) in
symptoms at initial presentation among cases at Hospital A versus
Hospital B, including: body temperature (38º C vs 37º C), heart rate
(104 bpm vs 89 bpm), and regular breathing rhythms (61% vs 55%). Less
cases (50%) at Hospital A received heparin versus Hospital B (97%,
p-value< 0.001). Conclusion: Patients who died at Hospital A
typically presented with more severe illness and were more likely to
have underlying health conditions. Migrant workers may be at increased
risk due to poorer baseline health and reluctance to seek care. This
highlights the importance of cross-cultural outreach to prevent deaths.
Health education efforts should be multilingual and accommodate all
literacy levels.