Learning disorder (LD) and developmental language disorder (DLD) are traditionally diagnosed behaviorally but show significant overlap in their higher-level manifestations. Although auditory processing deficits have been reported in both disorders, prior findings have been inconsistent. Crucially, it remains unclear whether LD and DLD can be differentiated from each other based on their neurophysiological profiles. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of mismatch negativity (MMN) studies comparing children with LD (primarily dyslexia) and DLD to each other and to typically developing controls. Analyses included 22 studies (34 latency effect sizes, 104 amplitude effect sizes) with moderator examination of stimulus type, age, cortical region, and analysis time windows. While no amplitude differences emerged between LD and DLD groups, we found a significant clinical group and stimulus type interaction for latency (p = 0.02). Post-hoc analysis revealed that children with DLD showed significantly prolonged latency for speech sounds (g = 0.47), with no significant difference for non-speech stimuli. Conversely, children with LD showed significantly prolonged latency for non-speech sounds (g = 0.85), with no significant difference for speech stimuli. Although we could not directly compare LD and DLD groups due to the limited number of studies that included both clinical groups and controls, our analyses revealed that their effects relative to controls differ from each other. Future research is warranted to evaluate the influence of participant characteristics and methodological features on the auditory response measured by MMN.