Wheeze is the musical continuous sound produced by oscillations in any critically narrowed airways, and heard mostly on expiration. It is common in preschool age, about half of all children will experience an episode of wheezing by their sixth birthday. Asthma is usually characterized by cough, wheeze, chest tightness and fast breathing. It is a significant global health issue and affects both children and adults. The prevalence is on the increase, especially in LMIC. Studies from different populations have revealed the key role influencing the progression from preschool wheezing to childhood asthma. Recurrent wheezing is four or more episodes in the preceding year and has a spectrum of phenotypes and with heterogeneous features. Phenotypes of wheezing were proposed to facilitate the identification of young children who are at risk of subsequent development of asthma. The epidemiology and environmental determinants of recurrent wheezing and asthma are discussed.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Pneumonia is an infection affecting the lower airway, where the air sacs are filled with mucus and pus; and typically presents with cough, fever, and fast breathing. Pneumonia is estimated to be the leading cause of mortality in children under five worldwide with 120 million episodes result in one million deaths globally. 1 The Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are more affected. In a study in southeast Nigeria, 2 bronchopneumonia accounted for 41.9%, of the cases admitted in the tertiary hospitals and in another hospital based study among children, 3 pneumonia had the highest respiratory admission rates at 34.0%. Pneumonia can be caused by various organisms: Bacterial (Streptococcus, staphylococcus etc), Viral (RSV) and recently COVID 19 pneumonia. RSV has been noted globally to be a major cause of childhood lower respiratory tract infection, with morbidity/mortality occurring in 99% of (LMICs). 4 Some of the long term sequalae are discussed