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\title{Unified Mode Selection Framework for Real-Time VAr Optimization Tool in
Unbalanced Distribution Systems}



\author[1]{Hari Krishna Achuthan Parthasarathy}%
\author[1]{Zahra Soltani}%
\author[1]{Mojdeh Khorsand}%
\affil[1]{Arizona State University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{April 25, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
High penetration of residential photovoltaic (PV) units has caused
severe voltage issues in the distribution feeders. During seasons with
low demand and high PV generation, distribution feeders face increasing
power quality issues. Continuous operation in system conditions with
these voltage issues reduces the lifetime of distribution equipment and
can cause severe monetary loss. Legacy VAr support devices are too
sparse and slow to mitigate these issues. With the introduction of the
IEEE 1547-2018 standard, Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are allowed
to participate in providing VAr support to mitigate these issues. This
paper proposes a novel Unified Mode Selection (UMS) framework within a
real-time VAr optimization tool for distribution networks. This tool is
developed based on an effective unbalanced distribution AC Optimal Power
Flow (ACOPF) formulation. The proposed model has the ability to select
between the Volt-VAr and Watt-VAr operational modes for each VAr enabled
smart inverters, and to simultaneously optimize the controller
set-points to optimally dispatch each inverter, minimizing operational
costs and mitigating the voltage issues. The tool is tested on a
snapshot of a distribution network in Arizona and compared against using
only Volt-VAr or Watt-VAr operational mode with default settings. The
results confirm the effectiveness of the model.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`IET GTD Paper-Parthasarathy_Khorsand.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/956572/articles/1325585-unified-mode-selection-framework-for-real-time-var-optimization-tool-in-unbalanced-distribution-systems}\selectlanguage{english}
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