The Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV) is highly contagious and can be transmitted by a number of different hosts. Wildlife, especially endangered species, is seriously threatened by it. In extreme situations, it will cause flagship and endangered species to go extinct. This study integrated PPRV epidemiological data (a total of 902) and various environmental variables from 2014 to 2024 globally and from 2007 to 2024 in China to investigate the driving mechanism of various climatic and environmental factors on PPRV transmission and the risk of PPRV infection in wildlife-suitable habitats. A PPRV cross-species transmission risk assessment method based on Maxent has been developed. The study determined how important climatic and environmental parameters, including temperature seasonality, annual mean temperature, isothermality, mean diurnal range, mean monthly precipitation in March, and the maximum temperature of warmest month, influence the spread of PPRV. On a worldwide scale, the PPRV spread had distinct banded geographical distribution features, and the geographic location was most likely between 10°N and 50°N bands. The danger level progressively rises from west to east, with the distribution area mostly focused in a few Northern Hemisphere nations and areas. It was a serious potential hazard to species like Camelus species in Camelids, Capra, Eudorcas, and Gazella in wild Bovidae species, and Hydropotes in Cervidae. Based on the findings of the study, we suggest a cross-border cooperative defense approach that restores the connection of wild species’ habitats, offering a scientific foundation for safeguarding biodiversity and public health.