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\begin{document}
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\title{Improved phase comparison distance protection for transmission lines of
energy storage power stations based on polarization voltage phase
reconstruction}



\author[1]{Haoyu Zhu}%
\author[2]{Xiaoran Wang}%
\author[2]{Chunju Fan}%
\author[2]{Yan Hu}%
\author[2]{Nengling Tai}%
\affil[1]{Shanghai Jiaotong University}%
\affil[2]{Shanghai Jiao Tong University}%


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  \date{April 25, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
Affected by the different fault characteristics of electrochemical
energy storage power stations under charging and discharging operating
states, the phase comparison distance protection using positive sequence
voltage as polarization voltage may operate incorrectly if faults occur
in the forward direction of the energy storage side protection and the
reverse direction of the system side protection. Therefore, an improved
distance protection scheme that can adapt to both charging and
discharging states of is studied. Firstly, the fault characteristics of
the energy storage station under different charging or discharging
states are analyzed, and the influence mechanism of fault
characteristics on phase comparison distance protection operation
performance was discussed. On this basis, an improved scheme for
distance protection based on polarization voltage phase reconstruction
was proposed. Finally, verification was conducted on the PSCAD/EMTDC
simulation platform. The simulation results show that the proposed
scheme can effectively reduce the impact of fault characteristics of
energy storage power stations. The sensitivity and reliability of phase
comparison distance protection are effectively improved under different
charging and discharging states and transition resistance conditions.%
\end{abstract}%



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