Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) are caused by damage to the basal layer of the endometrium and are commonly associated with clinical manifestations such as menstrual abnormalities and infertility. Currently, traditional treatment approaches, including hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, hormonal therapy, and intrauterine devices, are limited by high recurrence rates, surgical risks, and potential side effects, which fail to meet the contemporary health requirements of patients. In recent years, the emergence of stem cell therapy in the field of organ function restoration has shown promising potential for the treatment of IUA. Existing studies have demonstrated that stem cell therapy can reduce the recurrence rate of adhesions and improve pregnancy rates. Moreover, the combination of stem cells with hormones and biomaterials has been shown to further enhance therapeutic outcomes, representing a breakthrough strategy for the treatment of IUA.This review summarizes the pathogenesis of IUA and the limitations of traditional treatment methods. It also explores the research progress of stem cell therapy for IUA from multiple perspectives, including cell differentiation, paracrine effects, immune regulation, and homing mechanisms. Additionally, the combined application of stem cells with other treatments, such as hormones and biomaterials, is further analyzed.