Metin Kasapoğlu

and 2 more

Introduction Dental implant displacement into the maxillary sinus is a rare but clinically significant complication in implant dentistry. The posterior maxilla poses challenges due to its proximity to the maxillary sinus, poor bone quality, and sinus pneumatization. Implant migration may occur, particularly during surgery or after placement, due to factors such as inadequate primary stability, bone resorption, changes in nasal air pressure, or iatrogenic factors related to the surgeon’s experience level (1). The Schneiderian membrane, which lines the maxillary sinus, demonstrates ciliary activity facilitating the transport of mucus toward the ostium and contributing to the maintenance of sinus homeostasis. However, these ciliary forces are insufficient to mobilize a dental implant once displaced. In contrast, mechanical forces generated by repetitive head movements can lead to positional changes of the implant within the sinus, potentially resulting in complications such as maxillary sinusitis, oroantral fistula, or migration to adjacent structures, including the ostium, nasal cavity, or orbit (2). The implant’s final position, determined by head movements, dictates the appropriate surgical approach for retrieval (3).Several techniques have been described in the literature for implant removal such as the Caldwell-Luc procedure, which creates a window in the anterior sinus wall, the bone lid technique, and the lateral antrostomy technique or its modifications are commonly utilized (2,3). In recent years, endoscopic approaches including transnasal and transoral methods are increasingly favored for their minimal invasiveness, superior visibility, and reduced postoperative complications (4).This report presents a rare case of implant migration within the maxillary sinus, emphasizing the dynamic displacement potential caused by excessive head movement (5). On the day of incident, periapical radiography identified the implant at the sinus floor, whereas Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) performed a week later revealed its translocation to the ostium, likely due to patient mobility (6,7). Despite the challenges posed by this movement, the implant was successfully retrieved intraorally using indirect vision with rhodium dental mirrors and a custom-modified dental probe. The probe, adapted from a standard dental tool, was pre-shaped to securely engage the implant’s threads and extend to the ostium for effective retrieval. This case highlights the critical importance of comprehensive preoperative planning, anticipation of potential implant migration routes, and the use of patient-specific retrieval tools for successful intraoral management of displaced implants within the maxillary sinus.