Colorectal cancer remains a major global health concern, with surgical intervention being a cornerstone of treatment. While laparoscopic surgery has demonstrated advantages over open procedures, robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) offers potential benefits. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 21 studies from 2018 to 2024, analyzing over 70,000 patients to compare RAS and conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) in terms of operative time, conversion rates, postoperative complications, and hospital stay. The findings indicate that RAS significantly reduces conversion to open surgery and reoperation rates but is associated with longer operative times. While RAS decreased complications in colorectal procedures, complication rates in rectal surgery were similar between techniques. However, CLS resulted in shorter hospital stays. These results suggest that RAS may be beneficial in select surgical cases, though its advantages must be weighed against increased operative duration.