Background: Some neonates are assessed for the risk of abnormal psychomotor development at birth and are referred for reflex locomotion therapy using the Vojta method. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between spontaneous motor activity (SMA), the quality of motor activity patterns (QMAP), central coordination disorders (CCD), vital signs at birth, involuntary reflexes, and postural asymmetry in infants. Methods: The study involved 90 girls and 107 boys in the age interval of 1-16 months (4.15±2.18). Their psychomotor development was assessed using the Vojta method. Age-appropriate involuntary reflexes were evaluated, and both parameters were correlated with perinatal risk factors. Results: Boys scored significantly higher than girls (difference of -0.7, p = 0.022) in the SMA test. In both sexes, SMA (p < 0.001 in both sexes) and QMAP scores improved significantly with age. In boys, higher CCD scores were associated with significantly lower SMA and QMAP scores (p = 0.017 and p < 0.001, respectively). Significantly higher CCD scores were noted in girls with the Moro reflex and postural asymmetry (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). In boys, the Moro reflex was significantly correlated with the Vojta reaction (p = 0.012) and the Collis vertical suspension response (p <0.001). Conclusions: Vital signs at birth, including birth weight, the Apgar score, and type of delivery, can predict motor development disorders, but do not clearly discriminate infants that require neurodevelopmental therapy.