This paper examined the clay mineralogical composition of representative lowland soils used for rice cultivation in Central Cross River State. To accomplish these objective profiles of soil from the study area were studied and mineralogical data of the different horizons of these soils were analyzed. Soil samples were collected from twelve (12) sampling locations within the study area and analyzed for clay mineralogical properties using the x-ray diffraction analysis. The mineralogy of clay size particles revealed that the clay fraction of these samples consisted of 22.92% of kaolinite, 20.18% illite, 9.58% wiserite, 15.12% kyanite and 12.52% nacrite. The mineralogy showed the dominance of 7Ǻ minerals (low activity clays such as kaolin) and of 10Ǻ mineral illite or clay mica their presence suggesting that the soil fertility characteristics has less potential for intensive rice production due to its low to moderate nutrient holding capacity and limited potential for inherent nutrient supply. The study concluded that rice yields were strongly influenced by clay mineralogical properties.