Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients following gynecological tumor surgery and its risk factors. Methods: We searched the PubMed,Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies that reported the incidence of SSI after gynecological tumor surgery, and manually screened reference lists for additional studies. Relevant incidence estimates were calculated. sensitivity analysis of pooled incidence, and the forest plots of related risk factors were also performed. Results : Our meta-analysis included 8 studies, with 548 SSI cases in 7198 patients. The pooled SSI incidence was 7.3%. Sensitivity analysis results indicated that the exclusion of individual studies did not significantly alter the overall SSI incidence. Underlying conditions: The patient has a history of hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus; Preoperative risk factors include: age over 60 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m 2, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification > 2, serum albumin level ≤ 30 g/L, and requirement for blood transfusion before surgery. Among the surgical-related factors: Laparotomy, operation duration exceeding 60 minutes; FIGO stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ are the risk factors for surgical site infection after gynecological tumor surgery. Conclusion: This systematic review identified evidence informed SSI risk factors following gynecological tumor surgery. These may be used to develop improved SSI risk prediction tools and to identify patients who may benefit from evidence informed SSI prevention strategies.