Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and premenstrual syndrome in female university students. Methods: This descriptive and relational study was conducted with 603 female university students between October 2024 and December 2024. Data collection tools included a Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: When students with and without premenstrual syndrome were compared in terms of Childhood Psychological Trauma Scale sub-dimensions and total mean scores, those with premenstrual syndrome symptoms scored significantly higher in the physical neglect, sexual abuse, and denial sub-dimensions. Additionally, an increase in childhood psychological trauma was associated with earlier menarche, longer menstrual bleeding, and more severe premenstrual syndrome. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that premenstrual syndrome in young women is influenced not only hormonal factors but also by psychosocial factors such as childhood trauma. This highlights the importance of a holistic approach to assessment and intervention for women presenting with premenstrual syndrome symptoms.