Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD), as one of the most prevalent chronic allergic diseases in children, poses significant challenges to affected children and their families. Current clinical treatments for this condition primarily involve topical corticosteroids, oral antihistamines, and biologic injections. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the potential association between vitamins and atopic dermatitis. Vitamins including A, B, C, D, E, and K have been explored as non-pharmacological interventions that modulate the immune system and may influence the onset and progression of atopic dermatitis. To gain deeper insights into their mechanisms, we have reviewed existing research on the relationship between vitamins and atopic dermatitis. Additionally, we discuss the immunomodulatory roles of vitamins and their potential effects on atopic dermatitis, along with a summary of studies examining vitamin supplementation as a therapeutic approach for this condition. Our objective is to provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the clinical management and lifestyle interventions of atopic dermatitis through the regulation of vitamin levels.