The sustainable development of China’s photovoltaic (PV) industry is increasingly acknowledged as a critical component in achieving the nation’s dual-carbon objectives. This study adopts a multidimensional framework to optimize PV systems, emphasizing four core dimensions: ecology, resources, environment, and low-carbon performance. It identifies key challenges within each domain, such as the ecological consequences of land use, the risks of resource depletion driven by rising metal demand, and the environmental threats posed by decommissioned PV modules. The analysis also addresses the carbon footprint and ecological impacts associated with PV power stations. To mitigate these issues, the paper introduces a multidimensional collaborative optimization model that integrates these four dimensions, aiming to foster the development of environmentally sustainable and low-carbon PV technologies. This model seeks to reduce the cumulative impacts across the identified areas, thereby supporting the PV industry’s sustainable expansion in China. Continued research is essential to refine region-specific deployment strategies, advance recycling technologies, and enhance integrated system optimization to meet China’s long-term sustainability and carbon mitigation goals.