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\title{Resilience quantification and mitigation cost analysis for
sector-coupled distribution grids under climate change impacts}



\author[1]{Paul-Hendrik Homberg}%
\author[1]{Florian Hankammer}%
\author[1]{Nadine Lienenklaus}%
\author[1]{Markus Zdrallek}%
\affil[1]{University of Wuppertal}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{April 25, 2026}


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\begin{abstract}
This paper presents a method for simulating sector-coupled energy
systems, quantifying their resilience and analyzing the
cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies for a broad range of
scenarios. Using data from a German distribution grid operator, the
study examines the impact of high-impact, low-probability events, such
as heavy rainfall, on the power grid and evaluates the effectiveness of
various mitigation measures, including Vehicle-to-Grid and Gas-to-Power
systems, as well as traditional grid hardening methods. The simulation
environment integrates detailed grid models to realistically assess
different failure scenarios and their effects on system resilience.
Results indicate that while conventional hardening methods are most
effective in cost minimization, Vehicle-to-Grid mitigation measures
significantly enhance resilience by mitigating initial impacts of
disruptions. The study underscores the importance of sector-coupled
mitigation strategies, particularly under future climate scenarios, and
provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating energy system
resilience.%
\end{abstract}%



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