The study explores and investigates the soil and water properties of the Oum-Souid wetland, a lake located in the far west of the Ghardaïa region (Algeria). Despite its ecological and socio-economic importance, the wetland is inadequately known as it is found in a biotope with an arid bioclimate amidst dune formations. This paper aims to describe the important nature of this wetland, assess its lithology, and map this location. Flora and avifauna inventories were conducted in the wetland to assess the studied site’s characteristic biodiversity. Vertical profiles from 0 to 90 cm deep were sampled. Fifty samples (50) taken from each soil profile were inspected for organic matter, electrical conductivity, pH, and texture characterization. Additional characteristics describing neighboring water samples, including dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and pH, were also determined in situ. The census of bird and plant species revealed a biological richness, with 12 families of migratory birds and 21 botanical families identified. Soil granulometric analysis indicated a sandy-clay texture with little silt for the majority of the profiles. However, some profiles were marked by a sandy-clay-loamy texture. The assessment of spatial variation revealed a moderately alkaline soil pH, high electrical conductivity, and moderate organic matter content. Water samples were characterized by a strongly alkaline pH, slight salinity, and high dissolved oxygen rate. Positive and significant associations had been demonstrated among pH and Electrical conductivity values at all evaluated soil depths(p<0.001). Data also revealed an inverse relationship between the pH data of soil samples and electrical conductivity, independent of the soil horizon examined (p<0.01).