This study investigated frog-biting dipteran species using newly designed frog-calling traps in Taiwan. The trap effectively collected specimens from both families Culicidae and Corethrellidae, demonstrating its utility. Host preference analysis revealed that Odorrana swinhoana (Boulenger, 1903) and Kurixalus eiffingeri (Boettger, 1895) were most frequently associated with collected specimens of Corethrellidae. Additionally, the corethrellids were predominantly attracted to a sound frequency around 2022.2 Hz. Future studies should expand to include a greater variety of frog species across more diverse regions to further broaden our understanding of host preferences. Then, DNA barcoding was also conducted on the four collected species of Culicidae: Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898), Uranotaenia nivipleura Leicester, 1908, Ur. macferlanei Edwards, 1914, and Mimomyia luzonensis (Ludlow, 1905), and the mitochondrial genome of Corethrella nippon Miyagi 1980 was firstly sequenced and completely annotated. Mitogenome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that C. nippon formed a clade with Corethrella condita Borkent, 2008. In our analysis, family Corethrellidae clustered with Culicidae; however, the inter-family phylogenetic relationships within Culicoidea appeared paraphyletic, particularly concerning family Chaoboridae.