Title:  Case Report of a Giant Mediastinal Neurofibroma Misdiagnosed as Massive Pleural EffusionAuthors:  1. Hongqiang Chen1;2. DanYi Lin1 ;3. Zhizhong Zhou1*1 Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University Fuzhou, CN 350000Corresponding Author:*Email: nb892366303@163.com ; Tel: +86-13959183699Conflict of Interest:  None declared.Funding:  NoAuthor Contributions: HC: wrote the manuscript, created the Figure, wrote the manuscript and treated the patient. ZZ: treated the patient, discussed the diagnosis and provided clinical comments. DL: wrote the manuscript and treated the patientEthics Statement: The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the retrospective and anonymized nature of the data. But the written consent of the patient has been obtained before submitting the article, and the written and reserved consent is signed as requiredCase Report of a Giant Mediastinal Neurofibroma Misdiagnosed as Massive Pleural EffusionKey clinical message:  For thoracic hypodense lesions, ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT differentiate tumors from effusions. Giant mediastinal tumors require preoperative vascular localization, optimal surgical access, and gradual decompression to prevent re-expansion complications.Keywords: Mediastinum; Nervous system neoplasms; Thoracic surgery; Video-assisted