Skin aging arises from the complex interplay between intrinsic senescence and extrinsic stressors, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation, leading to accumulated senescent cells with characteristic cell cycle arrest, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretion, and metabolic dysfunction. This review elucidates how the interconnected SIRT1/NRF2 axis serves as a central regulator of cutaneous aging - where SIRT1 orchestrates mitochondrial homeostasis and inflammation control through deacetylation of p53, FoxOs, and PGC-1α, while NRF2 masterfully coordinates antioxidant responses via KEAP1 dissociation and ARE activation. Crucially, their crosstalk enhances autophagic clearance and redox balance. Traditional Chinese Medicine provides diverse phytochemicals targeting this axis: galangin and oroxylin A activate SIRT1-mediated pathways; corylin and sulforaphane directly modulate NRF2; while cryptotanshinone and zerumbone exhibit dual-pathway regulation with additional AP-1 inhibition. These compounds, derived from phylogenetically distinct plants, demonstrate functional convergence in mitigating oxidative damage, suppressing inflammation, and maintaining extracellular matrix integrity. Particularly noteworthy is their multi-target capacity - exemplified by salvianolic acid B’s simultaneous enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defense. While preclinical data consistently show improvement in skin parameters, clinical translation requires standardized formulations and rigorous safety evaluation. Future directions should integrate omics technologies to identify novel targets and optimize synergistic combinations, bridging traditional medicine with contemporary dermatological research to develop effective, sustainable anti-aging interventions.