While urban vascular plant communities are increasingly understood, urban moss communities remain largely unknown. This study investigates grassland bryophyte community composition against various urban environmental gradients in Strasbourg, France. A total of 58 grasslands, ranging from lawns to meadows and wastelands, were analysed for species richness, frequencies, and the proportions of acrocarpous and pleurocarpous species in relation to landscape fragmentation, soil parameters, and management pressures. Urban bryophyte diversity increases with soil aridity and decreases with soil fertility, particularly for acrocarpous species. The impact of vegetation management on mosses varies according to the practices involved, with higher diversity observed in wastelands and reduced richness in lawns. The ratio of acrocarpous species declines as the cover of vascular plants increases. Ultimately, urban environments, including wastelands, should be more carefully considered in regional moss diversity inventories.