Background Ascending placentitis is an important cause of fetal mortality and neonatal morbidity in the horse. While various diagnostic and treatment protocols exist for placentitis, there is a lack of data investigating what options veterinary surgeons are selecting for case work-up and management. Objectives To identify the diagnostic and treatment options for ascending placentitis utilised by veterinary surgeons in the UK and Ireland, and to ascertain what influences the selection of these options. Study design Observational study: online survey Methods An online questionnaire was distributed to veterinary surgeons in the UK and Ireland via email and social media. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions asking about participant demographics, specifics on case work-up including diagnostic and treatment selections, as well as the rationale behind selections. Results A total of 80 veterinary surgeons participated in the survey, with 74 completing it in full. Clinical signs were often used to diagnose placentitis (98.7%), followed by CTUP and rectal ultrasound (87% and 75.3%, respectively). Treatment of placentitis typically involved a combination of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and progesterone (80.3%). Trimethoprim-sulfonamide was the most frequently selected antibiotic (100%). Flunixin and phenylbutazone were the most popular anti-inflammatory choices and were used equally frequently (60.3% each). Progesterone was used by 90.8% of participants. Owner finances limited the selection of diagnostics and treatments in many cases (71.1% and 74.6% respectively). Main limitations Risk of selection bias. Opportunistic sampling. Conclusions Veterinary surgeons in the UK and Ireland are generally using appropriate choices for diagnostics and treatments, in keeping with the current literature. There is a need for expansion of CPD and undergraduate training to improve the confidence and competence of veterinary surgeons treating equines for ascending placentitis. Finances are a major limiting factor for choices of diagnostics and lengths of treatment.