·       Vessel scaling from tip-to-base in angiosperms has largely been studied based on vessel diameter. Here, we test if vessel anatomy and transport efficiency in a Fagus sylvatica sapling show axial scaling by maintaining a largely proportional ratio of lumen to end-wall resistivity to sap flow with tree height.·     Vessel diameter (VD) of more than 50,000 vessels was measured based on wood sections, while mean vessel length (VL) was measured semi-automatically with a Pneumatron for 58 stem segments. The relationship between  and  was analysed by simulating corresponding size classes. Based on tip-to-base variation in  and , we estimated vessel lumen conductivity (Kh) at the individual vessel level. We also estimated end wall conductivity ( ) based on Darcy’s law, integrating pit membrane thickness (PTM) with scaling of  and total intervessel pit membrane area (AP) across the sapling. Axial variation in  was evaluated against end wall pressure difference (dP).·       In addition to a tip-to-base increase in D, we found an increase in  and , illustrating basipetal vessel lengthening. These patterns were associated with proportional changes in  and , which followed a 1:1 relationship with distance to the tip, each contributing to ca. 50 % of the whole-tree conductivity and resistivity.·       Our findings suggest that vessel dimensions and hydraulic functionality show axial scaling in angiosperm trees, suggesting that anatomy corresponds to adjustment of hydraulic functionality with plant height. Proportional adjustment of  and  highlights the key role of vessel dimensions and intervessel pits in regulating transport efficiency and safety within individual plants, potentially maintaining constant resistance per unit leaf area with height growth.