Background: Diet and nutrition interventions have become popular strategies for patients undergoing cancer treatment. This is due to the high cost of medical treatment and increased health awareness among cancer patients. Diet and nutrition as well as psychological stress and adverse events during treatment greatly impact the quality of life of cancer patients. This article aimed to reviewed narratively articles published within recent decades years and guidelines for diet and exercise for cancer survivors. Recent findings: Physicians do not typically consider the impact of diet and nutrition on cancer treatment, despite several academic associations publishing guidelines on this topic. Conclusion: This review article describes recent findings on the effects of diet and nutrition, particularly fasting-mimicking diet, on prognosis and adverse events of chemotherapy. Finally, this review proposes future perspectives based on “Precision Nutrition” and “Molecular Precision Medicine” in cancer treatment.