The emergence of antibiotic-resistant superbugs has heightened concerns about environmental pollutants such as tetracycline hydrochloride, necessitating effective removal strategies. Among various treatment approaches, photocatalysis has demonstrated particular promise. In this study, we present a groundbreaking advancement in photocatalytic technology through the development of a novel material that combines superior adsorption capabilities with enhanced photocatalytic properties. The innovation lies in our pioneering implementation of a third-component doping strategy, which enabled the construction of an organic semiconductor intrinsic heterojunction photocatalytic layer with an A-D-A structure, integrated onto a natural biomass carbon substrate. This strategic integration creates a synergistic system wherein the natural biomass carbon component rapidly concentrates pollutants, while the organic semiconductor bulk heterojunction photocatalytic layer generates electrons and free radicals for degradation. The material’s exceptional performance is evidenced by its ability to completely degrade 20 mg/L of tetracycline hydrochloride within 30 minutes, establishing a new benchmark in treatment efficiency. Through density-functional theory (DFT) analysis, we have elucidated the underlying degradation mechanism, providing theoretical insights that may facilitate the development of advanced treatment solutions for a broader spectrum of organic pollutants through adsorption photocatalysis.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant superbugs has heightened concerns about environmental pollutants such as tetracycline hydrochloride, necessitating effective removal strategies. Among various treatment approaches, photocatalysis has demonstrated particular promise. In this study, we present a groundbreaking advancement in photocatalytic technology through the development of a novel material that combines superior adsorption capabilities with enhanced photocatalytic properties. The innovation lies in our pioneering implementation of a third-component doping strategy, which enabled the construction of an organic semiconductor intrinsic heterojunction photocatalytic layer with an A-D-A structure, integrated onto a natural biomass carbon substrate. This strategic integration creates a synergistic system wherein the natural biomass carbon component rapidly concentrates pollutants, while the organic semiconductor bulk heterojunction photocatalytic layer generates electrons and free radicals for degradation. The material’s exceptional performance is evidenced by its ability to completely degrade 20 mg/L of tetracycline hydrochloride within 30 minutes, establishing a new benchmark in treatment efficiency. Through density-functional theory (DFT) analysis, we have elucidated the underlying degradation mechanism, providing theoretical insights that may facilitate the development of advanced treatment solutions for a broader spectrum of organic pollutants through adsorption photocatalysis.