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Effects of cadmium pollution on soil feedback between invasive plant Phytolacca Americana and native plant Phytolacca Acinosa
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  • Yue Zhu,
  • Jun Chen,
  • Yu Ming,
  • Jingru Zhang,
  • Shaoyu Zhang,
  • Yunshan Liu,
  • Bo Li,
  • Jihua Wu,
  • Evan Siemann,
  • Yi Wang
Jingru Zhang
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Shaoyu Zhang
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Yunshan Liu
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Bo Li
Yunnan University
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Jihua Wu
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou, University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Evan Siemann
Rice University
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Yi Wang
Yunnan University

Corresponding Author:yiwang@ynu.edu.cn

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Abstract

Background and Aims: Soil abiotic and biotic properties shaped by plants impact future plant invasions (“plant-soil feedbacks”). Human activities have increased soil heavy metal concentrations, often where invasion pressure is increasing, so it is imperative to investigate plant-soil feedback mechanisms associated with invasive species in environments contaminated by heavy metals. Methods: We experimentally created soils with different Cd concentrations and conditioned them with invasive Phytolacca americana or native Phytolacca acinosa (or without plants) in a greenhouse experiment. We measured soil chemical, microbial (by PFLAs), and physical properties. We grew individual plants of P. Americana or P. Acinosa in these soils in a feedback phase. Results: Soil Cd increased invasive mass but decreased native mass. Fungi and bacteria were abundant in invasive conditioned soils, especially without Cd. Phenol, flavonoid and tannin concentrations and soil pH increased with Cd when plants were present. Phenol and tannin concentrations were higher with invasive plants but flavonoids were lower. In the feedback phase, invasive mass was sensitive to soil microbes. Native plants were smaller in invasive (away) soils, especially with higher soil Cd concentrations, reflecting their sensitivity to soil chemicals and soil physical characteristics. Conclusion: These results indicate that P. Americana invasions are enhanced both through direct effects of soil Cd on P. Acinosa as well as through Cd magnifying the negative effects of soil chemical and physical characteristics on the native. This study offers valuable insights into the influence of PSF on plant invasion processes in the context of soil heavy metal pollution.