Effects of cadmium pollution on soil feedback between invasive plant
Phytolacca Americana and native plant Phytolacca Acinosa
Abstract
Background and Aims: Soil abiotic and biotic properties shaped by plants
impact future plant invasions (“plant-soil feedbacks”). Human
activities have increased soil heavy metal concentrations, often where
invasion pressure is increasing, so it is imperative to investigate
plant-soil feedback mechanisms associated with invasive species in
environments contaminated by heavy metals. Methods: We experimentally
created soils with different Cd concentrations and conditioned them with
invasive Phytolacca americana or native Phytolacca acinosa (or without
plants) in a greenhouse experiment. We measured soil chemical, microbial
(by PFLAs), and physical properties. We grew individual plants of P.
Americana or P. Acinosa in these soils in a feedback phase. Results:
Soil Cd increased invasive mass but decreased native mass. Fungi and
bacteria were abundant in invasive conditioned soils, especially without
Cd. Phenol, flavonoid and tannin concentrations and soil pH increased
with Cd when plants were present. Phenol and tannin concentrations were
higher with invasive plants but flavonoids were lower. In the feedback
phase, invasive mass was sensitive to soil microbes. Native plants were
smaller in invasive (away) soils, especially with higher soil Cd
concentrations, reflecting their sensitivity to soil chemicals and soil
physical characteristics. Conclusion: These results indicate that P.
Americana invasions are enhanced both through direct effects of soil Cd
on P. Acinosa as well as through Cd magnifying the negative effects of
soil chemical and physical characteristics on the native. This study
offers valuable insights into the influence of PSF on plant invasion
processes in the context of soil heavy metal pollution.