In the simulation, one well of the six-well cell culture plate was analyzed by applying a 200 kHz AC signal with a peak value of 5 V to the pad conductors on both sides of the well. Fig. 7a shows the model built in the software, and Fig. 7b presents a cross-sectional view of the field strength distribution in the cell culture medium when a peak 5 V AC signal is applied to the two electrode plates.

In general, the dielectric constant of ceramic section of electrode could significantly affect electric field distribution. Therefore, we firstly simulated the electric field distribution with different dielectric constant of ceramic section. Figs. 7c-7f show the electric field distribution when AC field with 200 kHz and 5 V is applied. The results showed that the electric field distribution increases with higher dielectric constant of ceramic section. The area where intensity of electric field is over 1.5 V/cm also increases with higher dielectric constant of ceramic section, which is shown in Fig. 7g. Therefore, this study uses ceramic with dielectric constant of 25000 (the highest dielectric constant ceramic we found) for cell experiment.