Prostanoid Receptors
Prostaglandins can be generated by tumor cells as well as cells in the
surrounding tissue, and they exert diverse physiological functions
including inflammation and immune responses. In the context of cancer,
prostanoid receptors play a multifaceted role in shaping the tumor
microenvironment (Harizi, 2013). For example, PGE2 binds to EP2 and EP4
receptors, which suppress anti-tumor immune responses by inhibiting the
production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the expansion of
immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Ricciotti & FitzGerald, 2011).
Conversely, stimulation of EP3 receptors may have opposite effects,
enhancing certain aspects of the immune response (Semmlinger et
al. , 2018). The intricate balance among these receptors influences the
immune landscape within the tumor, and targeting prostanoid receptors
has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of cancer
immunotherapy (Nie, Wang, & Nie, 2023).