AC - cAMP pathway
As mentioned above, GPCRs regulate adenylate cyclase (AC) activity
through Gαs / Gαi subunit and thereby
change the level of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). The rise in cAMP
activates PKA, leading to the phosphorylation of target proteins
involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation,
gene expression, cell survival and differentiation. Dysregulation of the
AC-cAMP pathway has been found to be a contributing factor in cancer
development (Ahmed, Alghamdi, Islam, Lee, & Lee, 2022).