Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors (S1PR)
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors regulate fundamental biological processes such as cell proliferation and migration. In the context of cancer, S1P receptors have been implicated in modulating immune cell trafficking, activation, and overall composition of the tumor microenvironment (Maceyka, Harikumar, Milstien, & Spiegel, 2012). S1P receptors, particularly S1PR1 and S1PR3, are involved in releasing lymphocytes from lymphoid organs and regulating their migration to tumors. Activation of S1P receptors on immune cells can also impact their proliferation and functionality (Nagahashi, Abe, Sakimura, Takabe, & Wakai, 2018). Small molecules that modulate S1P receptors activity, including sphingosine analogs and selective receptor agonists or antagonists, are being explored for their potential in cancer immunotherapy (Maceyka et al. , 2012).