Figure 6: SPI-3 and SPEI-3 values averaged across all stations.

PDSI Temporal Trends

Figure 7 complements SPI-3 and SPEI-3 by capturing longer-term soil moisture anomalies. The 2012 drought stands out, with PDSI values reaching extreme lows, indicative of prolonged water deficits. Wet conditions in 2008 and 2010 demonstrate the index’s ability to capture excessive moisture periods, which can also influence crop productivity.