Background Swine influenza causes significant economic losses worldwide, making it one of the top three health challenges affecting the swine industry. In addition, swine influenza viruses can cross species barriers and infect humans, posing serious public health risks. Vaccination is an essential tool for controlling the severity of the disease in swine and its spillover risk to humans. Due to the high antigenic variability of influenza A viruses (IAV) as a result of mutation and genomic reassortment, it is necessary to update vaccine strains to better match and neutralize circulating viruses at a given time and place. In this study we tested the efficacy of current swine influenza vaccines against influenza A viruses circulating in Spain. Methods Sera from mice immunized with swine influenza vaccines are tested against swine influenza A strains circulating in Spain using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) serological assay. Results Current swine influenza vaccines show variable protective efficacy depending on the type of circulating swine IAV. Protective HI antibody titers (≥1/40) are induced against some field virus isolates of the Eurasian avian-like H1 (EaswH1) and human seasonal-like (huswH1) lineages, while no protection is obtained against other recent virus isolates of these lineages. Similarly, the vaccine does not protect against field virus isolates of recent porcine H3 lineages of human origin. Conclusions The high antigenic variability of circulating swine influenza A viruses circulating in Spain requires updating vaccines to match new viral variants, not only to increase neutralizing antibody titers, but also to include newly emerging strains that have been omitted in current vaccine formulations.