Figure 2.1: Proposed Adaptive Control Scheme

The suggested adaptive MCS control scheme uses a mathematical model of the system to create a control rule that meets specific performance requirements, like stability and tracking accuracy. The scheme uses an online identification approach to estimate real-time system model parameters. The control law is then updated, and the system’s control inputs are modified using the predicted model parameters.

A feedback loop in the control system enables the system to modify its behavior in response to the discrepancy between the intended and actual outputs. The feedback loop adjusts the control input by comparing the system’s actual output with the intended output and using the discrepancy, known as the error signal. The components of a feedback loop are sensors, a controller, an actuator and a plant. The sensor gives the controller information by measuring the system’s real output [28]. The control input is determined by the controller using a control algorithm and transmitted to the actuator. The actuator could be any mechanism that alters the system’s behavior, such as a motor or valve. Finally, the sensor measures the output produced by the plant once it receives the control input from the actuator.

The power system comprises a synchronous machine alternator unit linked to an infinite bus via a transmission line. The system incorporates controls for voltage regulation and speed governance.