1.1 SELF-TURNING ADAPTIVE CONTROL (STAC)
Self-turning control system that can adjust to modifications in a process or environment without outside assistance is also known as adaptive control. It is a type of feedback control that responds to changes in the system it is controlling by modifying its parameters using mathematical methods [17].
The control system’s self-turning feature is derived from its capacity to automatically modify its settings in reaction to modifications in the process it regulates. Adaptive algorithms, which are made to learn from the behavior of the system and modify the control inputs appropriately, are used to accomplish this. Self-turning adaptive control’s ability to function well in extremely changeable settings or processes that are challenging to fully understand is one of its main advantages[18]. Even in extremely dynamic circumstances, the system can maintain accurate control by continuously monitoring it and modifying its parameters in reaction to changes [19]. Self-turning adaptive control is frequently employed in industrial operations like transportation systems, power generation, and chemical manufacturing. Additionally, autonomous systems and robotics can be used to modify their behavior in reaction to environmental changes. Self-turning adaptive control is a potent method for attaining accurate control in dynamic and complicated systems, and its applicability is expanding across numerous sectors and applications [20].