1.2 MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE CONTROL (MRAC)
Reference Model is a kind of adaptive control system used to manage dynamic systems that may fluctuate or change over time is called Adaptive Control (MRAC). It operates by first comparing the system’s actual behavior with a reference model of the expected behavior, and then minimizing the discrepancy between the two by modifying the control inputs [21]. In MRAC, the actual behavior of the system is measured using sensors or other measuring tools, whereas the reference model is usually a mathematical model that depicts the intended behavior. The adaptive control system modifies the control inputs in response to variations in the error signal, which is the difference between the two [22].
MRAC’s adaptiveness stems from its real-time control input adjustments in response to error signal variations. This is accomplished by adaptive algorithms that modify the control settings based on feedback from the error signal. MRAC’s primary benefit is its ability to manage systems with variable or unknown parameters, which makes it appropriate for a variety of applications [23]. It is frequently utilized in robotics and other autonomous systems, as well as control systems for industrial, automotive, and aerospace industries. All things considered, MRAC is a potent method for managing dynamic and complex systems, and its application is growing in popularity across a variety of sectors and uses [24].