1.2 MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE CONTROL (MRAC)
Reference Model is a kind of adaptive control system used to
manage dynamic systems that may fluctuate or change over time is called
Adaptive Control (MRAC). It operates by first comparing the system’s
actual behavior with a reference model of the expected behavior, and
then minimizing the discrepancy between the two by modifying the control
inputs [21]. In MRAC, the actual behavior of the system is
measured using sensors or other measuring tools, whereas the reference
model is usually a mathematical model that depicts the intended
behavior. The adaptive control system modifies the control inputs in
response to variations in the error signal, which is the difference
between the two [22].
MRAC’s adaptiveness stems from its real-time control input
adjustments in response to error signal variations. This is accomplished
by adaptive algorithms that modify the control settings based on
feedback from the error signal. MRAC’s primary benefit is its ability to
manage systems with variable or unknown parameters, which makes it
appropriate for a variety of applications [23]. It is
frequently utilized in robotics and other autonomous systems, as well as
control systems for industrial, automotive, and aerospace industries.
All things considered, MRAC is a potent method for managing dynamic and
complex systems, and its application is growing in popularity across a
variety of sectors and uses [24].