Currently, limited data are available on the association between psoriasis deterioration and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the Chinese population. Our study aims to investigate the correlation between treatment modalities and the state of disease control and exacerbation following COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on patients from the psoriasis database of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) between January 16, 2023, and September 20, 2023, collecting clinical characteristics and symptoms associated with COVID-19. A total of 583 patients completed a questionnaire, with 474 (81.3%) reporting COVID-19. Our study indicated that young patients with moderate to severe psoriasis faced a higher risk of experiencing psoriasis deterioration and various dermatological diseases following COVID-19. Laboratory tests conducted during the first wave of the pandemic revealed significantly decreased serum prealbumin levels and GGT levels among psoriasis patients affected by COVID-19. In conclusion, COVID-19 exacerbates the susceptibility of young patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, leading to an increased likelihood of experiencing deterioration and other dermatological conditions following COVID-19. The administration of biologics does not exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Psoriasis confers a protective effect against COVID-19-induced liver damage.