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\begin{document}
\begin{CJK}{UTF8}{gbsn}

\title{Science Writing}



\author[1]{Josh Nicholson}%
\author[1]{Alberto Pepe}%
\affil[1]{Authorea}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{April 25, 2026}


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\sloppy


Science writing is an important part of the research cycle. Even if
findings are sound, poor communication can derail the progress of
experiments and policy decisions. We would expect universities to teach
science writing to undergraduate and graduate students. But they don't.
Instead, researchers ``learn by doing''. This is having negative
consequences as scientific papers become harder to read
\cite{Plaven-Sigray119370}.

\par\null\par\null\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1.00\columnwidth]{figures/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-2.20.14-PM/Screen-Shot-2017-04-11-at-2.20.14-PM}
\caption{{Graphs from~\protect\cite{Plaven-Sigray119370} made available
under~\href{https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/}{CC-BY-NC
4.0 International license}.
{\label{888113}}%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\par\null

\subsection*{Science writing affects how readers interpret
findings}

{\label{537517}}

Word choice impacts the success of scientific finding. It can determine
article discovery. For example, if you use a short, positively framed
title (i.e. a click-bait title) an article is more likely to spread on
social media \cite{Lockwood_2016}.

\par\null\par\null\par\null\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/title-lenght/title-lenght}
\caption{{Comparison between article title length and altmetic score, a proxy for
attention received across social media.
{\label{927155}}%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\par\null

Once discovered, word choice dictates whether an article maintains the
reader's interest. Science writing is evolving as journals introduce
more constraints on length and citation. ~What's more, the Internet has
caused article constraints to shorten, not lengthen. ~

From \cite{Morata_1977}

\begin{quote}
``However, this is explicable if we assume that wingless is a member of
a new class of homeotic mutations which affect cooperative decisions
taken by {[}wing imaginal{]} discs as a whole rather than decisions
taken individually by each cell. This interpretation is supported by the
analysis of penetrance of wingless. We found that, unlike the other
homeotic mutants mentioned above, the expression of wingless is all or
none, so that, when expressed, all of the cells of the duplicated notum
are transformed. We never find cases of partial transformation in which
some cells are transformed into notum and others remain wing. Since the
probability of one disc being transformed does not affect the
probability of any of the others, the decision whether to differentiate
a normal wing or a duplicated notum is taken by each disc independently.
Thus, it seems that the wingless mutation is a defect in a decision made
by groups of cells.'' Now12: Expression of dpp in the VM responds to Wg
signalling. We show that wg and dTcf mutations eliminate BE reporter
gene expression in PS3 and slightly reduce it in PS7. A similar result
was reported for Dpp protein in an arm mutant background. Our result is
surprising because Drosophila embryos have a large amount of maternal
embryonic dTcf RNA. We were not expecting the null dTcf phenotype to be
similar to that of wg, which is expressed only zygotically. We conclude
that Wg signalling is required for activation of dpp in PS3 and assists
in the activation in PS7. We also suggest that the maternal contribution
of dTcf may not play a role in this activation.''
\end{quote}

From~\cite{Yang_2000}

\begin{quote}
``Expression of dpp in the VM responds to Wg signalling. We show that wg
and dTcf mutations eliminate BE reporter gene expression in PS3 and
slightly reduce it in PS7. A similar result was reported for Dpp protein
in an arm mutant background. Our result is surprising because Drosophila
embryos have a large amount of maternal embryonic dTcf RNA. We were not
expecting the null dTcf phenotype to be similar to that of wg, which is
expressed only zygotically. We conclude that Wg signalling is required
for activation of dpp in PS3 and assists in the activation in PS7. We
also suggest that the maternal contribution of dTcf may not play a role
in this activation.''
\end{quote}

Despite these restrictions, manuscripts are becoming more verbose and
full of acronyms. Keywords associated with hype and spin are increasing
in the literature \cite{Vinkers_2015} (see Figure
{\ref{238985}}). ~This hyperbole comes at the cost of
accuracy.

\par\null\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.84\columnwidth]{figures/F2.large/F2.large}
\caption{{Graphs from \protect\cite{Vinkers_2015} made available under a~Creative Commons
Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license.
{\label{238985}}%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section*{How can Authorea help science
writing}

{\label{503227}}

At Authorea, we do not have~\emph{the~}solution to improve scientific
writing. But we can foster a community of feedback and collaboration. We
offer editing with plugins, like
\href{https://intercom.help/authorea/write/using-grammarly-with-authorea}{Grammarly},
that can correct grammar and spelling errors. International researchers
can write in their native language and let the browser translate for
you.

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\begin{figure}[h!]
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\includegraphics[width=1.00\columnwidth]{figures/typo1/typo1}
\caption{{Correcting typos on Authorea is easy.
{\label{862588}}%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

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