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\begin{document}

\title{Do the Seven Countries Recently Banned by Trump Have More Academic
Government Cabinets than the US?}


\author[ ]{Josh Nicholson}

\affil[ ]{}
\vspace{-1em}


\date{}

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The~ participation of scholars and scientists in government has
attracted attention~since at least the time of Plato. The ancient Greek
philosopher envisioned a~philosopher-scientist running the Ideal State.
However, his own experience in~politics was far from ideal and he ended
being sold as a slave by the tyrant he had tried to educate. Recently,
\href{https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/01/thanks-to-trump-scientists-are-planning-to-run-for-office/514229/}{there
has been a resurgence of interest in the participation of academics in
cabinets}, largely due to the overtly anti-scientific message of the
current US administration.

\par\null

In this short post, we aim to assess empirically how the cabinets of the
seven countries recently banned from travel to the US (Iran, Iraq,
Sudan, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, Libya) compare in number of advanced
degrees (degrees above Masters level: MS, MBA, JD, PhD, MD, DVM) and
advanced \emph{technical} degrees (PhD, MD, DVM) compared to the White
House cabinet.

\par\null

We used the
\href{https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/index.html}{Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA) listing of world leaders}~ and information on
Wikipedia and the web to identify the cabinet members of Iraq, Syria,
Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Yemen, and the United States as of January
2017. \textbf{All the data that we collected and used for this post is
open and available under the}
\href{https://www.authorea.com/users/8850/articles/152351/master/folder/}{\textbf{Data
git folder of this article}}\textbf{.}

\par\null

\section*{Results}\label{results}

Among a total of 245 eligible cabinet positions analyzed (ranging from
13 to 42 per country), 79 (32\%) were filled by members that attained a
graduate degree of higher education.

\par\null

\subsection*{Advanced Degrees: United States ranks
first}\label{advanced-degrees-united-states-ranks-first}

The United States' cabinet has the cabinet with the highest number of
advanced degrees (MS, MBA, JD, PhD, MD, DVM), with over 60\% of its
members holding a Masters degree or above (\textbf{Figure 1}). ~Iran is
second in the list, with about half of its cabinet members holding
advanced degrees.~\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1.00\columnwidth]{figures/image/image}
\caption{{\textbf{Figure 1.} Percentage of cabinet members with advanced degrees
in the United States and in the seven countries affected by Trump's
travel ban.%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\par\null\par\null\par\null\par\null

\subsection*{Advanced Technical Degrees: Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Syria and
Yemen have a more academic cabinet than the
US}\label{advanced-technical-degrees-iran-iraq-sudan-syria-and-yemen-have-a-more-academic-cabinet-than-the-us}

While the United States's cabinet holds more advanced degrees overall,
it is not the most \emph{technical} cabinet when compared with cabinets
of the countries affected by the recent travel ban (\textbf{Figure 2}).
Five of the seven countries (Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen) have
more technical cabinets, with a higher percentage of PhDs, MDs, or DVMs
than the US.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1.00\columnwidth]{figures/image-(1)/image-(1)}
\caption{{\textbf{Figure 2.} Percentage~of cabinet members with advanced degrees
(in blue) and technical (PhD, MD, DVM - in red) in the United States and
in the seven countries affected by Trump's travel ban.%
}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\par\null

\subsection*{}\label{section}

\subsection*{Conclusion}\label{conclusion}

The United States ranks \textbf{1st} for the percentage of advanced
degrees (degrees above Masters level) held by its government cabinet
when compared with the seven countries affected by the travel ban.
However, when considering only \emph{technical} degrees (PhD, MD, DVM),
the United States ranks \textbf{6th}, behind Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Syria,
and Yemen.

\par\null\par\null

\selectlanguage{english}
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\end{CJK}\end{document}

